1. 1 Introduction to Safety Management April 2006

2. 2 Objective The objective of this presentation is to highlight some of the basic elements of Safety Management. Three important aspects will be considered: The ICAO provisions and guidelines related to Safety Management What is Safety – and how do we perceive it? The Concept of Safety Management

3. 3 SAFETY MANAGEMENT – BASELINE The provision in ICAO Annex 11 The provision in ICAO Annex 13 The provision in ICAO Annex 14 PANS-ATM doc 4444 (chapter 2) Draft ICAO Safety Management Manual (Doc 9859) Integras experience in Safety Management Internationally available standards and guidelines

4. 4 ICAO PROVISIONS Annex 11, Section 2.26.1: States shall implement systematic and appropriate ATS safety management programmes to ensure that safety is maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes. Annex 11, Section 2.26.2: As of 27 November 2003, the acceptable level of safety and safety objectives applicable to the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes shall be established by the State or States concerned.

5. 5 ICAO PROVISIONS Annex 11, Section 2.26.4: An ATS safety management programme shall: Identify actual and potential hazards and determine the need for remedial action; Ensure that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented; and provide for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level achieved.

6. 6 ICAO PROVISIONS Annex 11, Section 2.26.5: Any significant safety-related change to the ATM system, including the implementation of a reduced vertical separation minimum or a new procedure, shall only be effected after a safety assessment has demonstrated that an acceptable level of safety will be met and users have been consulted. When appropriate, the responsible authority shall ensure that adequate provision is made for post-implementation monitoring to verify that the defined level of safety continues to be met

7. 7 ICAO PROVISIONS (PANS-ATM DOC 4444) Doc 4444, Section 2.6.1.1: A safety assessment shall be carried out in respect of proposals for significant airspace reorganizations, for significant changes in the provision of ATS procedures applicable to an airspace or an aerodrome, and for the introduction of new equipment, systems or facilities, such as: A reduced separation minimum to be applied within an airspace or at an aerodrome; A new operating procedure, including departure and arrival procedures, to be applied within an airspace or at an aerodrome; A reorganization of the ATS route structure; A resectorization of an airspace; Physical changes to the layout of runways and/or taxiways at an aerodrome; and Implementation of new communications, surveillance or other safety- significant systems and equipment, including those providing new functionality and/or capabilities;

8. 8 ICAO PROVISIONS (PANS-ATM DOC 4444) Doc 4444, Section 2.5: Safety reviews of ATS units shall be conducted on a regular and systematic basis by personnel qualified…. The scope of ATS unit safety reviews should include at least the following issues: Communications, navigation, surveillance and other safety significant systems and equipment: Are tested for normal operations on a routine basis; Meet the required level of reliability and availability as defined by the appropriate authority; Provide for the timely and appropriate detection and warning of system failures and degradations; Include documentation on the consequences of system, sub-system and equipment failures and degradations; Include measures to control the probability of failures and degradations; and Detailed records of systems and equipment serviceability are kept and periodically reviewed.

9. 9 ICAO PROVISIONS (Annex 14) Annex 14 – Aerodromes Chapter 1.3.6 As of 24 November 2005, a certified aerodrome shall have in operation a safety management system. Safety Management System A system for the management of safety at aerodromes, including the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and provisions for the implementation of aerodromes safety policies by an aerodrome operator, which provides for control of safety at, and the safe use of, the aerodrome.

10. 10 ATM SYSTEM (DEFINITION) PeopleEquipment Procedures Senior Management ATCOs Support Engineers MaintenanceOperating Surveillance Communication Navaids Information

11. 11 Safety What is Safety? Why do we do it?

12. 12 Definitions Safety: A condition in which the risk of harm or damage is limited to an acceptable level Safety Management System A system for the management of safety including the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and provisions for the implementation of the safety policies in order to provide for the control of safety

13. 13 Definitions Risk The probable rate of occurrence of a hazard causing harm and the degree of severity of the harm: Risk = Severity * Probability

14. 14 THE CONCEPT OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT Philosophy of Safety Management Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion Safety Policy Supporting organizational requirement Maintenance or Improvement of Safety Performance Safety Management Safety Culture

15. 15 Philosophy of Safety Management Explicit Systematic Proactive Philosophy of Safety Manageme nt

16. 16 Safety Policy Overall safety objective of the organization Commitment of senior management to meet safety performance targets Commitment by the organization to a proactive and systematic approach to the management of safety Commitment by the organization to making maintenance of safety its highest priority The organizations policy concerning responsibility and accountability for safety at all levels of the organization Safety Policy

17. 17 Safety Culture Managers in top positions foster a climate with a positive attitude towards criticism, comments and feedback from lower level of the organization Awareness of the importance of communicating relevant safety information at all levels of the organization is present; Low incidence of risk taking behavior and a safety ethic discouraging such behavior. Safety Culture

18. 18 Safety Monitoring Specify Safety Performance Indicators Set Safety Performance Targets Develop & implement appropriate data collection procedures Safety Occurrence Reporting & Investigation System Develop and implement monitoring processes Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion

19. 19 Safety Monitoring Occurrence Reporting and Investigation System Establishment of reporting culture Mandatory/Voluntary Non-punitive Just Culture Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion

20. 20 Safety Assessment Seven step approach Develop complete description of the system and of the environment in which the system is to be operated Identification of hazards Estimation of severity of potential consequences Estimate of likelihood of hazard occurring Evaluation of risk Mitigation of risk Development of safety assessment documentation Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion

21. 21 Safety Auditing Ensure that risks are identified and the potential for causing or contributing to an incident are recognized Ensure that the health of the safety management system Ensure that adequate arrangements exist to handle foreseeable emergencies Ensure that equipment performance is adequate for the safety performance Ensure that effective arrangements exist for promoting safety, monitoring safety performance and processing safety issues Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion

22. 22 Safety Promotion Promulgation of Safety Management Lesson Dissemination Continuous awareness campaigns on safety management Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion

23. 23 Supporting Organizational Requirements Responsibility and accountability Safety Manager / Safety Organization Training and competency of personnel Safety documentation Supporting organizational requirement

24. 24 Safety Culture Managers in top positions foster a climate with a positive attitude towards criticism, comments and feedback from lower level of the organization Awareness of the importance of communicating relevant safety information at all levels of the organization is present Low incidence of risk taking behavior and a safety ethic discouraging such behavior Safety Culture

25. 25 Safety Regulatory Framework WHAT IS A SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM? Policy Procedures, Instructions and Practices Safety Monitoring Safety Assessment Safety Auditing Safety Promotion Safety Organisation Safety Management Manual