1. Involving Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Reproductive Health Richard Lord

2. Boys are often more open to considering alternative views than men Boys are often more open to considering alternative views than men Styles of interaction are established and rehearsed during adolescence Styles of interaction are established and rehearsed during adolescence Boys have more free time to participate in health education than men Boys have more free time to participate in health education than men Source: Barker 1998, 2000 Reaching Boys Earlier May Be Easier than Later Richard Lord

3. Not All Boys Are Alike Y. Nagata/United Nations C. Stauffer/World Health Organization

4. Have sex earlier and with more partners than do girls Have sex earlier and with more partners than do girls Often gain status by having sex Often gain status by having sex Sometimes have first encounters with sex workers Sometimes have first encounters with sex workers Often are misinformed about sexual and reproductive health Often are misinformed about sexual and reproductive health Boys...

5. Boys and Condom Use Richard Lord Sexually active boys use condoms inconsistently, more often with sex workers Sexually active boys use condoms inconsistently, more often with sex workers

6. Encourage boys to question traditional gender norms Encourage boys to question traditional gender norms Teach boys new communication and negotiation skills Teach boys new communication and negotiation skills Work with boys to consider other forms of sexual expression Work with boys to consider other forms of sexual expression Boys and Gender

7. Seeing costs of traditional views of manhood Seeing costs of traditional views of manhood Positive male role models Positive male role models Alternative peer groups who support male involvement and respect toward women Alternative peer groups who support male involvement and respect toward women What Makes Some Boys More Gender Equitable?

8. RESULT: Untreated STIs, increased risk of HIV RESULT: Untreated STIs, increased risk of HIV Boys often asymptomatic or use self-treatment Boys often asymptomatic or use self-treatment STI transmission Unprotected sex Boys, STIs and HIV/AIDS

9. Young Men at Multiple Risk Source: WHO, 2000. 300250200150100500 WorldChina India Other Asian Countries Latin America & Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa DALY per 1000 population Sex differences in DALYs,* all causes in adolescents (ages 10 to 19) * DALY - Disability Adjusted Life Year Young Men Young Women

10. Less likely to seek health services Less likely to seek health services May see reproductive health as a womans concern May see reproductive health as a womans concern May view clinics as female spaces May view clinics as female spaces Needs often not considered by staff Needs often not considered by staff Challenges to Reaching Boys J. Frank/United Nations

11. Reach young men where they are Reach young men where they are Familiarize boys with clinic services Familiarize boys with clinic services Involving Boys and Young Men in Reproductive Health Beryl Goldberg

12. Addressing Gender- specific Health Needs Address boys multiple health needs Address boys multiple health needs Train health educators and clinic staff about the realities of boys lives Train health educators and clinic staff about the realities of boys lives Sensitize policymakers to the need to include boys Sensitize policymakers to the need to include boys

13. Work with Boys Alone or with Boys and Girls? Need to work with boys alone for some health-related themes Need to work with boys alone for some health-related themes Important to bring boys and girls together Important to bring boys and girls together Male role models are critical Male role models are critical Beryl Goldberg

14. G. Barker/Instituto PROMUNDO Viewing Boys as Allies Instead of Obstacles Working to make their communities better Working to make their communities better Providing for their families Providing for their families Being supportive partners in reproductive health Being supportive partners in reproductive health Caring for their children Caring for their children