1. Unit 4 Part II

2. Intensifiers & Quantifiers
An intensifier
Definition: a word/group of words which normally indicates emphasis or strong feeling
Type: A kind of Adv which is sometimes called an adverb of degree
Function: used to modify Adj, Adv, V, VP, or another intensifier
Position: before or after the word that it modifies
Example: Am I good enough for her?
A quantifier
Definition: a word/group of words which indicates the quantity of something
Type: A kind of N determiner called an indefinite determiner
Function: used to modify N which follows it
Position: before N that it modifies
Example: Is there enough food for us?

3. Exercise 4 Intensifiers and Quantifiers p.50

4. Types of questions Yes/no question Wh-question
begins with an auxiliary (“do”, “have”, “be”) or a modal
The answer “yes” or “no” is expected
Example: Are you married?
Wh-question
begins with a “wh-word”
The answer should specify a particular person, thing, place, reason, method, or amount
Example: Who is that guy standing over there?

5. Wh-Words (Question Words)
Wh-words: who, what, where, when, why, how, which, whose, whom
Types: pronoun, adverb, determiner
(Pronouns/adverbs/determiners in wh- questions are sometimes called interrogative pronouns/adverbs/determiners.)
Functions: subject, object, modifier
Example: Who is that guy standing over there?
(“Who” in this sentence = pronoun / subject)

6. Exercise 5 A
Pron S
Pron O
Det M
Adv M
Pron O
Det M

7. Exercise 5B What Who When How Who/Whom Where Why Which Why What Whose
Whoever (?)
When
How
why

8. Connectives
Definition: a word/group of words whose function is to connect or join words, phrases, and clauses
Types:
Coordinating conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions
Relative pronouns
Relative adverbs
Transitional words (or conjunctive adverbs)
Transitional phrases
Prepositions

9. Five groups of connectives classified according to their roles
Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) & Correlative conjunctions (either..or, not only..but also)  join words/phrases/clauses which are grammatically equivalent
Subordinating conjunctions  introduce Adv/N clause and link it to the main clause (I told him when he should come.)
Relative pronouns & Relative adverbs  introduce Adj clause (a relative clause) (I remember the year when Richard II was born.)
Transitional words & phrases  join two independent clauses and modifies the clause following it (However,… In other words,…)
Prepositions  show the relationship between its object (called an object of/after a preposition) and some other words in the sentence (The phrase beginning with a preposition is called a prepositional phrase.) (I want to sit in the front row.)

10. 3 types of subordinate clauses
Adv clause
modifies V, VP, Clause, Adj, AdjP
Introduced by a subordinating conjunction
N clause
functions as Sub, DO, IO, OC, SC
Adj clause (or relative clause)
modifies the preceding N, NP, Pron (A relative clause is used to give further info. about something.)
Introduced by a relative pronoun/adverb

11. Exercise 6A Coordinating conjunction and, but, or
Correlative conjunction
either..or, neither..or, not only..but also

12. Exercise 6B Subordinating conjunctions (introducing NC/AdvC)
If (AdvC)
That (NC)
if/whether (NC)
unless (AdvC)
because/since (AdvC)
While/as (AdvC)
when/whenever (AdvC)
(that) (NC)
when/after (AdvC)
Although/though (AdvC)
whether/if (NC)
(that) (NC)
Since (AdvC)
Before (AdvC)
while/as (AdvC)

13. Exercise 6C Relative pronoun/adverb (introducing AdjC (relative clause))
when (ra)
who (rp)
whom (rp)
whose (noun deter. In rela. clause)
where/ at which (ra)
(that/which/where) (ra)
who (rp)
which/that (rp)
(which/that) (rp)
where (ra)
(why) (ra)
which (rp)
whom/who (rp)
(when/that) (ra)

14. Relative pronouns: what, who, whom, which
Relative adverbs: when, where, why, how

15. Exercise 6D Transitional words/phrases p.55-56

16. Exercise 6E,F (One-word / Simple) preposition, Phrasal preposition p