1. Tour of the Lab and Lab Equipment
General Chemistry
Galax High School
Mrs. Parris

2. Lab Equipment Your lab equipment should: Be clean before using it.
Be checked (if glassware) for cracks, broken edges, and “stars” – discard if damaged.
Be washed, dried, and carefully stored in the proper place when done using it.

3. Cleaning Supplies
Each lab station has plenty of paper towels, soap, water and a sink. (also located at my desk)
Used for cleaning lab equipment, and to wash your hands when finished.
We have floor brooms, table brushes, and dustpans to clean up.

4. Keep our lab area neat and clean!

5. Broken Glass Box and Trash Can
Broken Glass box to dispose of any broken glass, instead of the trash can.
Trash Can to dispose of paper waste only!

6. Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted, or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated.
Very poor to measure volume with (+/-5%) accuracy
Note the size capacity (250 mL in this case)
Beaker
There are six sizes of beakers for you to use in your lab desk.

7. Erlenmeyer Flask
Erlenmeyer flasks hold solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated.
Note the size

8. Florence Flask
Rarely used in first year chemistry, it is used for the mixing of chemicals. Narrow neck prevents splash exposure.

9. Graduated Cylinder
A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids – probably your best everyday measuring tool – there are three sizes in your desk.
Note the rubber “bumpers”, and also the size.
Others that are smaller may not have “bumpers”, but have reinforced glass.

10. Test Tubes – we commonly use 2 sizes:
18 x 150 mm
Ignition
Tube
(25 x 200 mm)
13 x 100 mm
Test tubes are used to mix chemicals, and also to heat chemicals.

11. Test Tube Holder
A test tube holder is useful for holding a test tube which is too hot to handle.
Knowing where to hold this piece of equipment is important.

12. Test tube brushes are used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders.
Small test tube brush
Forcing a large brush into a small test tube will often break the tube. Don’t worry about drying the inside of a test tube.
Large test tube brush

13. Test Tube Racks
Test tube racks are for holding and organizing test tubes on the laboratory counter, and are found in the wall cabinets.

14. Rubber Stoppers
Rubber stoppers (also cork) are used to close containers to avoid spillage or contamination.
Containers should never be heated when there is a stopper in place.

15. Well Plates
Well plates are used when we want to perform many small scale reactions at one time.
It is like having lots of test tubes available at one time.

16. Watch Glass
A watch glass is used to hold a small amount of solid, such as the product of a reaction.
Can also be used as a cover for an evaporating dish or beaker.

17. The stirring rod is used to: a) manually stir solutions; b) assist in pouring liquids; and c) to transfer a single drop of a solution.
Rubber policeman tip is used to remove precipitates.
Stirring Rod
Stir with this end.

18. Dropper Pipet
A dropper pipet is used to transfer a small volume of liquid, usually one drop at a time.
On top of each dropper is a “rubber bulb” – never put your mouth on the dropper to provide suction

19. Litmus Paper Red litmus paper is used to identify bases:
Red turns blue,
Blue stays blue
Litmus Paper
Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids:
Blue turns red, Red stays red

20. Forceps
Forceps are used to hold or pick up small objects.

21. Funnel
A funnel is used to aid in the transfer of liquids from one vessel to another, and will hold filter paper while filtering.

22. Graduated Pipet
A graduated pipet measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids – uses a rubber bulb for suction.

23. Wash Bottle
A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a water stream to a specific area.
Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle
Distilled Water
During use, keep the bottle upright as shown, since ours have a tube that goes to the bottom of the bottle.

24. Weighing Boat
Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel.
We will also use squares of paper for this purpose – throw them away after using.
Never put chemicals directly on the balance scale – it leaves residue and can harm the balance

25. Electronic Balance
Place item here to mass
Electronic balances are very accurate, highly dependable, and rugged.
The digital display makes the mass value very easy to determine.
Parris 103
“On” button
“Off” button
“Tare” button

26. Spatula
Spatulas are used to dispense solid chemicals from their containers.
Chemicals should never be transferred with your bare hands.

27. Beaker tongs are used to move beakers containing hot liquids.
Note the rubber coating to improve grip on the glass beaker - do not hold this in a burner flame.
Beaker Tongs

28. Burner
Burners are used for the heating of nonvolatile liquids and solids.
Hot plates will be used to gently heat any flammable chemicals.

29. Evaporating Dish
The evaporating dish is used for heating stable solid compounds and elements, as well as for evaporating nonvolatile solutions.

30. Crucible and cover
Crucibles are used for heating certain solids, particularly metals, to very high temperatures. The cover can be used to contain any smoke particles.

31. Clay Triangle
The clay triangle is used as a support for crucibles when being heated over a lab burner.
It can also be used to support a funnel when filtering.

32. Crucible Tongs
For handling hot crucibles; also used to pick up other hot objects - NOT to be used for picking up beakers!

33. Ringstands and their Components
Ringstands are a safe and convenient way to perform reactions that require heating using a lab burner.
Can also be used as an insulating pad to place hot objects while they cool.

34. Ringstands and their Components Ring Clamp
Ring clamps connect to a ringstand, and provide a stable, elevated platform for a beaker to be heated.
Will also hold a clay triangle and funnel during filtering.

35. Ringstands and their Components Test tube Clamps
Test tube clamps are used to secure test tubes, distillation columns, and burets to the ringstand.

36. Ringstands and their Components Double Buret Clamps
Double Buret clamps are used to secure burets (long graduated tubes used in titrations) to the ringstand.

37. Ringstands and their Components Wire Gauze
Wire gauze sits on the iron ring to provide a place to stand a beaker.
On older wire gauze, the white material was asbestos – currently it is a ceramic.

38. Lighter These strikers are used to light lab burners.
The flints on strikers are expensive. Do not operate the striker repeatedly just to see the sparks!

39. Flask Tongs
Used to hold a flask by the neck after being heated.

40. Where in the Lab? Ruler, watch glass, pipette Burner and Ring Stand
Beakers, Flasks, Graduated Cylinders
Burner and Ring Stand
Hand Tools
Apron/Goggles

41. Goggles and Apron Drawer

42. Burner and Ring Stand

43. Always Wear Goggles and Apron

44. Eyewash Station
Push this handle to turn on the water – it will stay on until you pull it to turn off.
The Eyewash is located in the back of the lab in my chemical closed and under the Safety Shower. You will need to summons me for assistance at the Eyewash Station.
Flush your eyes for minutes!

45. Safety Shower
Lots of water will come pouring out here to rinse chemicals spilled on you.
This is the handle to pull to activate the safety shower.

46. Eyewash Bottle and Fire Extinguisher
Fire Extinguishers are found behind the door, at the door to my chemical room and at the back left corner of the lab stations.

47. Fume Hood and Flammable Cabinet
Hood is used to mix chemicals that produce a gas
Fire Blanket found in cabinet under hood

48. Fire Blanket

49. What’s in the Chemical Closet?

50. End of Lab Equipment