1. Drug Forms Peter Johnson SCHIN, Newcastle, UK Work done in Prodigy 3 project By Chris Wroe, Medical Informatics Group, Manchester University, UK

2. Motivation Decision support Chronic disease management guidelines Computer needs to be able to answer questions such as :- Is this patient on an inhaled steroid for asthma? on a sustained release tablet for angina? Implies machine has explicit categorisation of drugs by Indication, Chemical structure, Route of admin, Form, etc.

3. Patient on Becodisks Dry powder for inhalation, disks containing 8 blisters of beclometasone dipropionate 100 micrograms/blister

4. Forms Forms proposed Spray. Dermal Spray. Inhalant.. Inhalant Powder... Inhalant Powder Capsule.. Nasal Inhalant.. Oral Inhalant. Nasal Spray. Spray with Adaptor. Powder Spray.. Inhalant Powder... Inhalant Powder Capsule

5. Inhaled steroid for asthma Route – implies some forms Aerosol, Dry powder Drug class Indication

6. Form in reality Route of administration Physical Form + Administration Action + Administration Device Inhaled Powder Form for chewing Delivered by applicator

7. Route taxonomy. topical to conjunctiva. topical to ear. topical to nose. topical to skin. topical to scalp. topical to oral mucosa.. buccal. sublingual. topical to teeth. oral (passing through oral cavity). rectal. vaginal. intravenous. intrathecal. intraperitoneal. inhaled to lung.. inhaled to lung via nose.. inhaled to lung via mouth

8. Drug form taxonomy. aerosol. bar. cake. disk. foam. gel.. jelly. gum. liniment. liquidEmulsion. lotion. ointment. particulate.. bead.. crystal.. flake.. granule.. pellet.. powder.. suppository. paste. patch. pillShaped.. caplet.. capsule.. tablet... lozenge... pastille.. troche. semiSolidEmulsion.. cream. solution.. aqueous... elixir... syrup.. oil. stick. suspension. wafer

9. Device taxonomy. spray device. drug applicator. drug dropper device

10. Process/Action taxonomy. Douching. Rinsing. Irrigating. Spraying. Liquid installing.. Infusing.. Irrigating. Chewing. Inhaling. Ingesting

11. 4 hierarchies of form By Route. 'inhaled to lung form'.. 'Inhalation Solution'.. 'Nasal Inhalant'.. 'Oral Inhalant'.. 'Inhalant Powder'... 'Inhalant Powder Capsule By Action By Physical Form. 'Solid'.. 'Powder'... 'Powder Spray'.... 'Inhalant Powder'..... 'Inhalant Powder Capsule'... 'Powder for Reconstitution By Device

12. 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' Intermediate Representation : MAIN tablet HAS_PHARMACOKINETICS sustained release HAS_ROUTE buccal

13. 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' First parent : Form classification Form classification: 'Solid. 'Pill.. 'Tablet... 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' From form taxonomy: pillShaped.. caplet.. capsule.. tablet... lozenge... pastille.. troche

14. 'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet second parent : Route classification Route classification. 'oral mucosa form'.. 'buccal form'...'Sustained Release Buccal Tablet' From route taxonomy Route. topical to conjunctiva. topical to ear. topical to nose. topical to skin. topical to scalp. topical to oral mucosa.. buccal n.b. Pharmacokinetics – sustained release is another classification concept

15. Where now? Preliminary work Quick classification of the leaf terms supplied Intermediate nodes from Prodigy work Chris Wroe [wroec@cs.man.ac.uk] http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/mig/people/wroec/index.html