1. How does XXL improve the combustion efficiency in combustion chamber ? What is the benefit to engine by mixing fuel with XXL ? Better fuel economy ! Reducing greenhouse gases, poisonous gases, PM and black smoke ! Reducing engine temperature !

2. Combustion is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel (usually a hydrocarbon) and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat. Direct combustion by atmospheric oxygen is a reaction mediated by radical intermediates. The conditions for radical production are naturally produced by thermal runaway, where the heat generated by combustion is necessary to maintain the high temperature necessary for radical production. In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts with an oxidizing element, such as oxygen or fluorine, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example: CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O CH 2 S + 6F 2 → CF 4 + 2HF + SF 6 In reality, combustion processes are never perfect or complete. In flue gases from combustion of carbon compounds (as in combustion of hydrocarbons), carbon compounds (CO and others) will be present. Also, when air is the oxidant, some nitrogen can be oxidized to various nitrogen oxides (NO x ).

3. Carbon is a natural byproduct of the combustion process and is vented through the exhaust system. It is normal for a thin layer of carbon to cover the parts of the engine and exhaust that come into contact with the combustion process or engine exhaust. Since the introduction of unleaded fuel, carbon deposits have been greatly reduced. Normally, carbon does not present a problem. However, through the introduction of contaminants such as oil or overly rich air-fuel ratios, carbon build-up can become excessive and reduce engine performance and require costly service or repairs. Driving habits can also impact the amount of carbon build up. Highway driving tends to cause the engine to get sufficiently hot so as to burn away some contaminants that would otherwise become deposits. Unfortunately, short trips tend to promote the build up of carbon deposits. Having said that, in general, there are two main causes of excessive carbon buildup; burned oil and overly rich air-fuel mixtures. Oil-based carbon build-up occurs when piston rings become worn and oil is able to leak past the rings from the crankcase. Oil can also leak from valves into the combustion chamber. Typically oil-based deposits appear as dark black and have a gummy, tar-like consistency. Carbon tends to coat any surface that may be exposed to either the combustion process or handle engine exhaust. It is often most evident on fuel injectors, engine valves and combustion chambers. Deposits also form on the throttle body, spark plugs, intake manifold as well as in the catalytic converter and oxygen sensors. If carbon buildup is present in the EGR passages, it is probably the result of oil leaking down the valve stems. An automobile that is burning oil will tend to emit exhaust that has a bluish tint and may be a little heavier than normal. By contrast, fuel-based carbon build-up occurs when an engine burns an excessively rich air-fuel mixture. Too much fuel will tend to produce a relatively large amount of carbon waste that is not as thick as oil deposits but it is hard, dry and tougher to remove.

4. Causes of fuel-based deposits often include a computer fault, a bad or leaking fuel injector or other potential reasons that cause and excessive amount of fuel to be burned during the combustion process. In general, carbon deposits can cause a drastic drop in both fuel economy and performance. Because so many automobiles on the road rely on computers and sensors for optimal engine performance, it is easy to see how carbon deposits can play havoc with modern engines. For example, most automobiles rely on an onboard computer to adjust the air-fuel ratio in accordance to the O 2 readings for optimal performance. Because oxygen sensors are exposed to engine exhaust, it is easy to see how susptible they are to contamination from carbon- deposits. Incorrect oxygen sensor readings causes the computer to make performance adjustments based on incorrect data. Particularly thick deposits also tends to increase engine compression simply because the carbon deposits take up more space inside the combustion chamber. Abnormally high compression may result in spark knock (detonation), particularly when driving under load or accelerating. In more extreme conditions, if carbon deposits are thick enough, the top of the piston may actually come into contact with the carbon-coated cylinder head or valves. When this happens, the sound resembles a hammer noise or like a rod bearing has gone bad. Carbon build-up can also result in excessive auto emissions. Here's how: An excessively rich fuel mixture or burned oil can create a heavy carbon residue that coats the inside of the catalytic converter. If left unchecked, excessive carbon deposits can make the catalytic converter ineffective at burning residual fuel vapors (hydrocarbons). A sufficiently compromised catalytic converter will need to be replaced. In addition, if your state requires annual auto emissions testing, you may fail simply because your catalytic converter is unable to reduce your vehicle's auto emissions.

5. intake valve combustion chamber exhaust valve piston cam fuel without XXL Regular atomization produces fuel with large and small size of molecules, which resulted in inconsistent combustion efficiency in the combustion chamber. Incomplete combustion add up more carbon deposit to the layers of deposit that has been formed inside the wall of combustion chamber. Incomplete combustion also produces harmful emissions, contaminating engine oil and reducing engine life span.

6. cam intake valve combustion chamber exhaust valve piston fuel with XXL Fuel mixed with XXL produces smaller size of C x H y molecules, and thus resulted in better air-fuel ratio (O 2 -C x H y ), which will provide better combustion efficiency in the combustion chamber. Better combustion efficiency produces less harmful emissions, lower engine temperature and enhance engine life span.

7. piston Due to overly rich air-fuel ratio, carbon build-up can become excessive. Engine performance is greatly affected due to incomplete combustion.

8. Fuel mixed with XXL produces smaller size of C x H y molecules, and thus resulted in better air-fuel ratio (O 2 -C x H y ). With better combustion efficiency, the accentuated sparkling explosions behavior helps to “cleanse” the layers of carbon deposit.

9. CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy CxHyCxHy piston Oil-based carbon build-up occurs when piston rings become worn and oil is able to leak past the rings from the crankcase. Oil can also leak from valves into the combustion chamber. Typically oil-based deposits appear as dark black and have a gummy, tar-like consistency. These deposits will attract “lighter” C x H y and form more deposits, thus increase the wastage of fuel from economy points of view.

10. Incomplete combustion produces more greenhouse gases (CO x ) and more harmful gases (SO x, NO x, PM, black smoke). “Dirty” combustion chamber increase chances of contaminating engine oil and shortern engine life span.

11. Better combustion efficiency produces less greenhouse gases (CO x ) and less harmful gases (SO x, NO x, PM, black smoke)

12. Combustion process in combustion chamber is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between fuel and oxygen accompanied by the production of heat. Friction between piston and chamber also a source of heat especially with the presence of carbon deposits.

13. Even though without industrial lubricant (chemical), XXL improves fuel lubrication with it’s natural fatty acid and also acts as fuel detergent to help keep the engine clean. This natural detergent function helps reducing friction between chamber and piston, and thus reducing engine temperature and prolonging engine life.