1. VO Standards and Protocols XML VOTable UCD ConeSearch Roy Williams California Institute of Technology NVO co-director

2. XML: Structured Information Antonio Stadivarius Domenico Scarlatti 13 4 1723 Io bisogno una appartamento acoglienti a Cremona … 4/13/23 April 13, 1723 17.iv.1723 Separation of structure from presentation The computer can read the document and answer queries like this: Find all memos from April 1723

3. XML Documents and data Human readable, editable, mailable Schema constrains structure -- can encode data models Can be transformed (XSLT) -- other xml -- html/pdf/excel etc Tools Parsers in Java, C, C++, Perl, Python,... Browsers and editors XML databases Binding to make API For serialization, mediation, brokers

4. XML for science XML is a comfortable vehicle for our metadata and data models But the real challenge is: To define NVO-specific data objects And how they are used We need consensus more than either software or hardware VOTable VOResource services -- WSDL

5. XML example (no schema) The Cambridge Star Atlas Wil Tirion 0-52156-098-5 Cambridge UP Parallel Computing Works! Geoffrey C. Fox Roy D. Williams Paul C. Messina 1-55860-253-4 Morgan Kaufmann

6. XML Parsing SAX : Event-Based Handlers functions for StartElement, Text, EndElement, etc. Found element BookCatalogue Found element Book Found Element Title Found Text The Cambridge Star Atlas Found End Element Title ….

7. Parsing DOM : Document Object Model Returns a tree-like Document object with data attached BookCatalogue Book Title ISBNParallel Computing Works! Cambridge Star Atlas Title Author Wil Tirion

8. <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema" xmlns:cat="uri://BookCatalogue"> Book.xsd = Xml-Schema Definition XML Schema

9. <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema" xmlns:cat="uri://BookCatalogue"> Book.xsd = Xml-Schema Definition XSchema All XML schemas have schema as the root element

10. <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema" xmlns:cat="uri://BookCatalogue"> Catalog is a sequence of books XSchema Default Namespace declaration: all these come from this standard namespace

11. <schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema" xmlns:cat="uri://BookCatalogue"> Book.xsd = Xml-Schema Definition XSchema This namespace is defined here & abbreviated as "cat" This element comes from the namespace called cat Book element defined here

12. Namespace Content uri://BookCatalogue can be abbreviated as "cat" Here: The cat namespace contains: BookCatalogue Book Title Author ISBN Date Publisher

13. XML example (with schema) <BookCatalogue xmlns= "uri://BookCatalogue" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation= "uri://BookCatalogue http://www.mydomain.com/schemas/bookcatalog.xsd"> > The Cambridge Star Atlas Wil Tirion 0-52156-098-5 Cambridge UP Parallel Computing Works! Geoffrey C. Fox Roy D. Williams Paul C. Messina 1-55860-253-4 Morgan Kaufmann Here is the namespace that we are using in this document Here is the URL of its schema Document is instance of a w3c schema

14. VOTable Full metadata representation Hierarchy of RESOURCEs containing PARAMs and TABLEs UCD (unified content descriptor) –a has unit meter –a has UCD ORBIT_SIZE_SMAJ (Semi-major axis of the orbit ) Can reference remote and/or binary streams Table can be –Pure XML –"Simple Binary" –FITS Binary Table

15. Sample VOTable This parameter is designed to store the observer's name Some bright stars <FIELD name="RA" ucd="POS_EQ_RA" ref="myJ2000" unit="deg" datatype="float" precision="F3" width="7"/> <FIELD name="Dec" ucd="POS_EQ_DEC" ref="myJ2000" unit="deg" datatype="float" precision="F3" width="7"/> Procyon 114.827 5.227 4 5 3 4 3 2 1 2 3 3 5 6 Vega 279.234 38.782 8 7 8 6 8 6 <STREAM href="ftp://server.com/mydata.fits" expires="2002-02-22" actuate="onRequest"/>

16. Table Cell scalar arrays variable length arrays etc boolean bit unsignedByte short int long char unicodeChar float double floatComplex doubleComplex Primitives follows FITS binary table does NOT follow XML schema

17. VOTable is Flexy eg Table of images UCD="meta.code.mime; image.jpeg" datatype="unsignedByte" arraysize="*" eg Table of URL links UCD=meta.ref.url" datatype="char" arraysize="*"

18. VOTable Schema (xsd)

19. Table Data Model Metadata Class definition for Row FIELD –data type –semantic type Data Each Row is a list of Cells Each Cell is an array of Primitives –may be variable length

20. Table Data Layout All metadata first –small, complex, XML Class definition for table record + params, description, etc etc Then data –(may be) large, remote –XML | binary | FITS Instantiations of table record All records MUST have same format binary data allows streaming, parallelism

21. Param Data Model Param is Table with one cell Like a FIELD value But with a value attribute

22. Primitives All have fixed binary length Same as FITS primitives Except Unicode datatype Meaning FIT S Bytes "boolean"Logical"L""L"1 "bit"Bit"X""X"* "unsignedByte"Byte (0 to 255)"B""B"1 "short"Short Integer"I""I"2 "int"Integer"J""J"4 "long"Long integer"K""K"8 "char"ASCII Character"A""A"1 "unicodeChar"Unicode Character 2 "float"Floating point"E""E"4 "double"Double"D""D"8 "floatComplex"Float Complex"C""C"8 "doubleComplex"Double Complex"M""M"16

23. Multidimensional Array Cell A table cell can have lots of Primitives Example: WCS parameters are arrays – Example: up to 10 images, each 64x64 –

24. Hierarchy A VOTable contains RESOURCES –RESOURCE can contain: TABLE RESOURCE etc Usage example Many observations in the file, –each is a RESOURCE Each observation is –Parameters –Calibration table –Raw data table

25. Hierarchy New feature: GROUP

26. Astronomical Data Image –Standard file format: FITS Standardized c.1980 Keyword-value dictionary + binary block Catalog –Derived from image Connected set of bright pixels –Table of stars –Standard format: VOTable Standardized 2002 XML with remote binary Spectrum

27. XSLT Example Output from the messier catalog at VirtualSky.org Output from messier Catalog Server Messier Number Right Ascension J2000.... 3 205.5 28.402 16.2' 6.4004 Globular Cluster Canes Venatici M3 is one of more heavily studied globular clusters due to its position in the galaxy, putting it far from interstellar absorbtion. More than 200 variable stars have been observed out of a total of near 50,000. Being one of the brightest clusters, M3 is

28. XSLT Result this table is the result of a conesearch

29. XSLT Program Data

30. Binding to make a Parser for(int i=0; i<table.getFieldCount(); i++){ Field field = (Field)table.getFieldAt(i); String u = field.getUcd(); if(u != null && u.equals("POS_EQ_RA_MAIN")) System.out.println("Field " + i + " is for RA"); } From the Schema an API and library is generated JAXB Breeze Castor This is JAVOT (Caltech)

31. Unified Content Descriptor UCD is a semantic type phot.mag;em.opt.B Integrated total blue magnitude src.orbital.eccentricityOrbital eccentricity stat.medianStatistics Median Value Base + Specifiers eg error in default right ascension –stat.error; pos.eq.ra; meta.main First word is "type" "what kind of thing is this?" How do we add a stat.error to another?

32. Unified Content Descriptor UCD has services Natural Language Description Find best UCD –Search in NLD Matching functions –if I want pos.eq.ra, is stat.error;pos.eq.ra correct? What about Ontology???

33. Some UCD S stat Statistical parameters Q stat.Fourier Fourier coefficient Q stat.Fourier.amplitude Amplitude Fourier coefficient P stat.covariance Covariance between two parameters P stat.error Statistical error P stat.error.sys Systematic error Q stat.fit Fit Q stat.fit.chi2 Chi2 Q stat.fit.dof Degrees of freedom Q stat.fit.goodness Goodness or significance of fit Q stat.fit.omc Observed minus computed Q stat.fit.param Parameter of fit Q stat.fit.residual Residual fit Q stat.likelihood Likelihood S stat.max Maximum or upper limit S stat.mean Mean, average value S stat.median Median value S stat.min Minimum or lowest limit

34. Some UCD S phot Photometry Q phot.calib Photometric calibration Q phot.color Color index or magnitude difference Q phot.color.Cous Color index in Cousins system Q phot.color.Gen Color index in Geneva system Q phot.color.Gunn Color index in Gunn system Q phot.color.JHN Color index in Johnson 65+ system S meta Metadata P meta.bib Bibliographic reference P meta.bib.author Author name P meta.bib.bibcode Bibcode P meta.bib.ivo IVOA identifier ivo:// P meta.bib.fig Figure in a paper P meta.bib.journal Journal name P meta.bib.page Page number P meta.bib.volume Volume number P meta.code Code or flag P meta.code.class Classification code

35. Cone Search First VO standard service Input: RA, DEC, SR must be present –decimal degrees J2000 Output: VOTable of sky-located data records –must have columns with UCDs: POS_EQ_RA_MAIN, POS_EQ_DEC_MAIN, ID_MAIN RA=300 DEC=25 SR=0.1 IDRADECxyz Request Response

36. Cone Searches in a VO Registry

37. Result of Cone Search RA Dec ID

38. Cone Search + Density Probe Cone Search Density Probe baseURL Spacing Search radius interoperating NVO-compliant services! Federation of Multiple Services