1. OGCII OGC Interoperability Institute © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. OGC / ISO TC 211 Standards Landscape David Arctur OGC Interoperability Institute 7 May 2007

2. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.2 SDI = ? This talk is about SDIs… what does SDI mean to you? Serial Data Interface Serial Digital Interface Single Document Interface Southern Dental Industries State Disability Insurance Steel Deck Institute Steel Door Institute Strategic Defense Initiative …?? And the winner is………

3. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.3 Definitions Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) – a virtual institution A framework of spatial data, metadata, services, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. The technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data. The relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data and services. The SDI provides a basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers. Sources: Wikipedia; OGC

4. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.4 Implications Data and metadata should not be managed centrally (as done in GIS) but by the data originator and/or owner; tools and services connect via computer networks to the various sources. NOTE: good coordination between all the actors is necessary and the definition of standards is very important. Due to its nature (size, cost, number of interactors) an SDI is usually government-related. Source: Wikipedia

5. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.5 For example… Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) Geodaten Infrastruktur (GDI) NRW (regional) Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI) –State-level SDIs in development: Queensland, W. Australia, New South Wales, … U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) –State-level SDIs in development: Indiana, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, …

6. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.6 SDI Framework Layers An SDI typically includes thematic base map data with broad interest across agencies and other users (insurance, utilities, etc.) Cadastre: property parcels Transportation: roads, rail, bridges, tunnels, trails, bus routes Boundaries: cities, parks, military facilities Points of Interest: hospitals, malls, churches, airports, bus stations, stadiums, auditoriums, other meeting places Water resources: springs, wells, rivers, lakes Utilities: power plants, power lines, gas lines, water treatment facilities, water lines …these vary somewhat across different SDIs H P F

7. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.7 So… whats it for? E-911 Dispatch Terrorist Response Environmental Hazard Response: Tornado, Volcano, Flooding, Wildfire, Toxic Spill… Police, Fire, Ambulance Search & Rescue

8. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.8 What makes SDIs special? This is not just a simple extension of I.T. cyberinfrastructure Spatial data payloads require application-specific metadata, clients, web services, even XML tools. Quantities of data coming from satellite and other earth observation sensors are in terabytes/day – for now Downloading and rendering a computer-screen-sized JPEG of a map is much simpler and faster (in general) than downloading the potentially hundreds of thousands of vectors & millions of vertices comprising the corresponding map content… but both forms of data are needed. Institutional barriers can play a significant role in SDI effectiveness

9. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.9 What makes it work? Standards for exchanging geospatial & temporal data have been in development since early 1990s through work of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and ISO TC211. –Web services since 2000 ISO TC211 standards form the foundation, for example: –19103 Conceptual Schema –19107 Spatial Schema –19108 Temporal Schema –19111 Coordinate Reference –19115 Metadata –19123 Coverage Schema OGC specifications implement the standards, for example: –Web Mapping Service (WMS): simple graphic images –Web Feature Service (WFS): vector data –Web Coverage Service (WCS): gridded data –Catalog Service: portal index –Geography Markup Language (GML): XML Schema and data

10. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.10 Enabling a Geospatial Information Architecture Web Map Service (OGC & ISO) Style Layer Descriptor (OGC) Feature Model & GML (OGC & ISO) Web Feature Service (OGC) Web Terrain Service (OGC) Web Coverage Service (OGC) Web Map Context (OGC) Catalog (OGC ) Metadata (ISO 19115 & OGC) Building on http, XML and Web services, the spatial web is enabled by OGC standards, such as… Geospatial information (e.g., vector, raster, gridded, and metadata) can be managed through OGC web services in a Net Centric context.

11. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.11 Standards Referenced by Various SDIs Source: Nebert, Reed & Wagner, Proposal for a Compatible SDI Standards Suite, SDI 1.0, OGC Doc. 06-086. Standard NameCanada CGDI US NSDI GDI NRW Catalonia Spain OGC Web Map Service OGC Web Feature Service OGC Filter Encoding OGC Style Layer Descriptor OGC Geography Markup Language OGC Web Map Context OGC Catalog Services 2.0 Z39.50 Protocol Binding FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata OGC Web Coverage Service OGC Catalogue Services 2.0 HTTP Protocol Binding (CS-W)

12. Web Map Server Web Coverage Server Web Feature Server With OGC web services, an analyst or operator can dynamically access that data which is relevant to the task at hand, directly from the authoritative data steward, using a variety of tools.

13. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® Multiple overlaid maps One GetMap request: Borders Elevation Cloud Cover Cities Web Map Service (WMS) can get multiple maps

14. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.14 Publishing and Discovery Catalogs leverage ISO conformant metadata Support publishing and discovery of distributed geospatial data and associated services OGC Catalog Service 2.0, ISO 19119 Metadata Standard

15. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.15 Coming Fast: Sensor Webs Webcam Environmental Monitor Industrial Process Monitor Stored Sensor Data Traffic Monitoring Satellite-borne Imaging Device Airborne Imaging Device Health Monitor Strain Gauge Temp Sensor – Sensors connected to and discoverable on the Web – Sensors have position & generate observations – Sensor descriptions available – Services to task and access sensors – Local, regional, national scalability Automobile As Sensor Probe

16. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.16 Metadata Catalog / Service Directory Weather, alerts, effects Weather, alerts, effects Water availability & quality Water availability & quality Humanitarian needs and relief Humanitarian needs and relief Long-term climate change monitoring Long-term climate change monitoring Other environmental monitoring & alerts Other environmental monitoring & alerts Other disaster planning, response, mitigation Other disaster planning, response, mitigation...... GIS Portal Web Services Any Type of Client Browsers Browsers Desktop Desktop Mobile Mobile Software / Platform Independent Towards a World-Wide SDI Synchronization

17. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.17 ISO TC211 + OGC Together, the ISO19100+OGC standards are a mature, widely used, established, advanced interoperability framework. A Joint Advisory Group (JAG) comprises ISO & OGC members, and meets alternatively at ISO TC211 and OGC conferences. OGC participates in numerous other consortia, such as W3C, OASIS, IETF, and others, to ensure consistent semantics and encoding of geospatial content and interfaces

18. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.18 OGC Relationships –World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Geo Incubator –Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) –Group On Earth Observation (GEO) Participating Org (GEOSS) –International Organization for Standards (ISO) –OASIS –International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) –Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) –CEN287 –Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) –Object Management Group (OMG) –Web3D –Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) –IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) –IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society –Others

19. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.19 OGCs Approach for Advancing Interoperability Interoperability Program (IP ) A global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market Specification Development Program Consensus processes similar to other industry consortia (W3C, OMA, OMG, etc.). Outreach and Community Adoption Program – Education and training, encourage take-up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs Rapid Interface Development Standards Setting Market Adoption

20. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.20 Specification Program Board of Directors Executive Director & Staff Interoperability Program Participants Sponsors Init. Mgmt. Team Interop. Initiative Participants Sponsors Init. Mgmt. Team Interop. Initiative Participants Sponsors Init. Mgmt. Team Interop. Initiative IP Management Team Strategic Member Advisory Committee Special Interest Group (SIG) Special Interest Group (SIG) Working Group (WG) Technical Committee Planning Committee Market and Regional Programs Strategic Alliances Education Standards Liaison Standards Liaison Standards Liaison Sub- Committee Sub- Committee Sub- Committee Outreach & Community Adoption OGC Archit. Board OGC Organization

21. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.21 Types of OGC Interoperability Program Initiatives OGC Testbed OGC Interoperability Experiment OGC Pilot OGC Network PurposeDevelop new specs & refine existing specs Refine & extend existing specs Test existing specs in operational environment Persistent, widespread infrastructure Project Management OGC IP TeamOGC Members OGC IP TeamOGC Members and IP Team SponsorshipYesNoYesBoth ParticipationOGC Members Members & operational partners Members & public The OGC Interoperability Program (OGC Document 05-127)

22. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.22 So, whats next? Ad hoc, bottom-up interoperability is being achieved in many applications, through buffet-style use of web services However, more attention is needed to top-down reference architecture development, for effective interoperability across multiple SDIs –State-level SDIs in U.S., Australia, and across Europe –Scientific research and data centers OGC Interoperability Institute has been started recently, to help bring coherence of interoperability developments & best practices across SDI and scientific data organizations –Conducting workshops and pilot projects to develop SDI reference architectures, and to develop broader interoperability among scientific data centers

23. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.23 Whats really needed Awareness and incentives for SDI developers to collaborate on architectures and data sharing Equally important: incentives for scientific data collection that support data sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration Taking advantage of grid computing: –to help migrate data across the web to be physically located where it can be used most efficiently –to transform data semantics across information communities –to lead to real-time information modeling and understanding

24. Advancing the science of interoperability OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.24 Its about effective communications among disparate communities This sign Designed by Committee