1. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Standards Development and Distributed Computing Open Grid Forum 22 Cambridge, MA Raj Singh, PhD February 26, 2008

2. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Outline OGC, the organization Foundation standards the Interoperability Program OGC Web Services (OWS) Testbed OGC-OGF common interest points

3. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC, the Organization

4. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Every activity happens somewhere – and somewhen! Can anyone in the audience think of any earth related activity that does not have the properties of geographic location and time or that impacts a location over time?

5. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Digital Geographic Information Various estimates, but all agree that 80 to 90% of all data maintained or archived in databases has some geographic property!

6. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The Challenges Discovery: These data are distributed in tens of thousands of repositories Access: They will never, ever be put into massive centralized repositories Processing and fusion: These data typically must be processed in order to be useful for the end-user application Decision makers, policy makers, scientists, researchers, consumers, emergency response – all need access to the latest and best geo content and services – when and where they need it!

7. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. And at the same time there is a huge requirement for processing and fusion services Source: Broadstroke

8. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. What is the OGC? The OGC is a not for profit Voluntary Consensus Standards OrganizationPortalU German Environmental Information Portal SURA Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction (SCOOP) Program

9. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The OGC Mission development, promotion and harmonization of open and freely available geospatial standards …To serve as a global forum for the development, promotion and harmonization of open and freely available geospatial standards … Geoportal of the Catalonia SDI Natural Resources Canada

10. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Snapshot Founded in 1994. Currently 349 members Twenty four adopted standards Four OGC Standards are now also ISO Standards GeoSciML – GML Application Schema for the Geology community Microsoft Terraserver

11. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Alliance Partnerships - Critical To Successful Standards Development and Implementation And other organizations…

12. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGCs Foundation Standards

13. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Web Services In the beginning… –it was about databases and COM –databases live on (OGC Simple Feature access) –COM, not so much First OGC Web Service was defined in 1998 First OGC Web Service Standard approved in 1999 We now have a suite of robust WS Standards OGC Standards are becoming an integral part of the evolving GeoWeb

14. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Foundation Data Access Standards WMS: Web Mapping Service: web images of maps WFS: Web Feature Service: vector data WCS: Web Coverage Service: raster imagery and grids GML: Geography Markup Language: XML encoding of data SOS: Sensor Observation Service: real-time data CSW: Catalogue Service for the Web: geospatial search WPS: Web Processing Service: run a model/algorithm/process

15. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The OGC Interoperability Program & OWS-5

16. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGCs Approach for Advancing Interoperability Interoperability Program (IP ) - a global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market Specification Development Program –Consensus processes similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA, OMG, etc.). Outreach and Community Adoption Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs Rapid Interface Development Standards Setting Market Adoption

17. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Testbeds Enhance Standards

18. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.Copyright © Open Geospatial Consortium (2007) Web Processing Service WPS WPS-client Web Processing Service GetCapabilitiesDescribeProcessExecute Algorithm Repository … … Algorithm 1 … … Data Handler A Data Handler Repository Communication over the web using HTTP

19. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Imagery Processing Workflow … Internet OGC Interfaces Service chaining creates value-added products from SWE Observations WCS = Web Coverage Service WCTS = Web Coordinate Transformation Service WPS = Web Processing Service SOS WCTSWPSWFS decision support client

20. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.Copyright © Open Geospatial Consortium (2007) Data Reduction Workflow Steven Keens, PCI

21. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Invoke Conflation Workflow WFS 1Spatial Integrated Client Intergraph WPS IfGI WFS 1Spatial WFS NGIT Local MSD Vertical Obstruction Data BPEL Engine GMU Conflation Result Conflation Workflow Script WPS 1Spatial WPS 1Spatial TQAS Conflation 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9

22. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OWS Client Authentication Service Gatekeeper (Enforcement) WCS-T Service Authorization Service (Decision) OWS Client GeoDRM Client OWS-5 GeoRM Workflow (WCS Access Control Use Case) 5: Authenticate 2: GetCapabilities 3: Capabilities 4: Capabilities+Preconditions 6: ID Token 1: GetCapabilities 7: Transaction+ID 8: Authorize 9: Decision 10: Transaction 11: Coverage 12: Coverage Policies

23. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OWS Client Authentication Service Gatekeeper (Enforcement) WCS-T Service License Manager (Administration) License Broker Authorization Service (Decision) OWS Client GeoDRM Client OWS-5 GeoRM Workflow (WCS Licensed Use Case) 5: Authenticate 2: GetCapabilities 3: Capabilities 4: Capabilities+Preconditions 6: ID Token 1: GetCapabilities 7: OrderLicense 8: CreateLicense 9: LicenseReference 10: LicenseReference 11: GetCoverage+ID+Lic 12: Authorize 13: GetLicense14: License 15: Decision 16: GetCoverage 17: Coverage 18: Coverage

24. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC and Distributed Computing – No question about the need!

25. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Assumptions Necessary and increasingly common for academia, institutes, government,and corporations globally to engage in collaborative, complex applications. These applications require international and interoperable access to massive quantities of distributed, heterogeneous geospatial data, services, computing abilities and other facilities.

26. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Climate Change

27. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Emergency Response – Predictive Modeling

28. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The GeoWeb: A Global Concept of Operations

29. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Summary OGC is a global forum for developing open standards Strong build out in the marketplace Convergence of efforts in multiple communities Increasing benefit from using open standards solutions The OGF and the OGC joint activity should lead to distributed, collaborative geospatial data processing

30. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. GRID Technology must be an integral component of the GeoWeb!!

31. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Questions? Raj Singh rsingh@opengeospatial.org +1 617 642 9372 http://www.opengeospatial.org

32. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Backup Slides

33. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Example: Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS)

34. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Major Program: GEOSS The Group on Earth Observations, GEO, –established by a series of three ministerial-level summits. –GEO includes 72 member countries, The European Commission 52 participating organizations Working together to establish a Global Earth Observation System of Systems. http://www.earthobservations.org/

35. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. GEOSS Vision Build on and add value to existing Earth-Observation (EO) systems by coordinating their efforts, addressing critical gaps, supporting their interoperability, sharing information, reaching a common understanding of user requirements, and improving delivery of information to users.

36. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) http://www.epa.gov/geoss/ International Network that integrates distributed remote sensing data, other geospatial information, models and monitoring data I am thrilled with the promise of GEOSS. It can provide us with better information to use in decision-making, producing better decisions that are better informed with more data points. I hope to help make the promise of GEOSS a reality. Steve Johnson, EPA Administrator

37. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

38. Example Canadian Forestry Grid Application: SAFORAH

39. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Canadian Forestry Grid Application: SAFORAH System of Agents for Forest Observation Research with Advanced Hierarchies A grid computing infrastructure to manage, catalogue and archive Earth Observation data within a geographically distributed network of diverse computational resources. EO data in SAFORAH is available through either a set of OGC Web services or the Catalogue and User Data Ordering System (CUDOS).

40. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Forest Monitoring with Remote Sensing http://www.saforah.org/ http://www.globusconsortium.org/journal/20070605/saforah.html

41. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. SAFORAH Participating Partners Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Canadian Space Agency (CSA) GeoConnections University of Victoria (UVic) Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems (CSISS) George Mason University (GMU) MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (MDA) Environment Canada (EC) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) BC Common Information Technology Services (CITS) Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)

42. SAFORAH System Architecture

43. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. SAFORAH Grid Connectivity SAFORAH data grid networks Digital certificate signed by Grid Canada; CANARIE fibre backbone across Canada at 10 Gbps. Connection in progress Operational connection

44. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Grid-enabled OGC Services OGC WCS provides access to distributed EO data OGC WMS responses to users rendering requests to dynamically produce static maps from geo-referenced EO data OGC CSW provides Grid-based archiving, publishing, managing, and querying of geospatial data and services and facilitates transparent access to the replica data and related services under the Grid environment.

45. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Web Mapping Service (WMS)

46. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Web Mapping Service (WMS) WMS –Primary specification for requesting maps and visualization via the WWW. –ISOs WMS (Doc. 19128) is based on the OGC WMS specification. Calling client specifies –the bounding box of the layers needed, –the styles in which these layers are to be displayed, –the spatial reference system to be used, –the desired output format, –the output size, –And background transparency and color.

47. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Web Mapping Service (WMS) 3 requests –getCapabilities: obtain service level metadata describing service content and acceptable request parameters. –getMap: obtain a map image whose geospatial and dimensional parameters are well-defined. –getFeatureInfo (optional): ask for information about particular features shown on a map.

48. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. CubeWerx WMS CubeWerx Web Mapping Service Web Mapping Server maintained by X. http://www.server.com/wms.cgi? Weather Forecast Data EPSG:4326 1999-01-01/2000-08-22/P1D Clouds Forecast cloud cover Temperature Forecast temperature image/gif image/png image/jpeg <OnlineResource xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:type="simplehttp://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href="http://hostname:port/path" /> OGC WMS – Get Capabilities

49. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC WMS GetMap Spatial Context –Spatial Reference System (EPSG) –Corners of map (geographic extent) –Image width & height List of layers –Layer name –Symbolization style Return Format –GIF | JPEG | WebCGM | SVG, etc. –Background info (color, transparency) –Exception Type = InImage | Encoded/Parseable

50. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. WMS overlay example REQUEST1: http://amapco.com/mapserver.cgi?http://amapco.com/mapserver.cgi VERSION=1.1.0&REQUEST=GetMap& SRS=urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6.6:4326& BBOX=-97.105,24.913,78.794,36.358& WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350& LAYERS=AVHRR-09-27&STYLES=& FORMAT=image/png& EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage REQUEST2: http://b-maps.com/map.cgi?http://b-maps.com/map.cgi VERSION=1.1.0&REQUEST=GetMap& SRS=EPSG:4326& BBOX=-97.105,24.913,78.794,36.358& WIDTH=560&HEIGHT=350& LAYERS=BUILTUPA_1M,COASTL_1M,POLB NDL_1M& FORMAT=image/png&STYLES=style1,style2,s tyle3& TRANSPARENT=TRUE& EXCEPTIONS=application/vnd.ogc.se_inimage

51. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Web Feature Service (WFS)

52. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. GetCapabilities Web Feature Service (WFS) Client Opaque Feature Store Web Feature Server WFS GetCapabilities CubeWerx WFS CubeWerx Web Feature Service Web Feature Server maintained by X. http://www.server.com/wfs.cgi? Roads EPSG:4326

53. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. DescribeFeature Web Feature Service (WFS) Client Opaque Feature Store Web Feature Server WFS DescribeFeatureType <DescribeFeatureType version="1.0.0 service="WFS" xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" xmlns:ns01="http://www.server01.com/ns01" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> ns01:Roads

54. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. GetFeature Web Feature Service (WFS) Client Opaque Feature Store Web Feature Server WFS getFeature <GetFeature version="1.0.0 service="WFS xmlns:myns=http://www.og.com <Query typeName="myns:ROADS myns:PATH myns:LANES myns:PATH 50,40 100,60 <wfs:FeatureCollection 10,10 10,11 10,12 10,13 4 10,10 10,11 10,12 2

55. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Sensor Web

56. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Webcam Environmental Monitor Industrial Process Monitor Stored Sensor Data Traffic Monitoring Satellite-borne Imaging Device Airborne Imaging Device Health Monitor Strain Gauge Temp Sensor – Sensors connected to and discoverable on the Web – Sensors have position & generate observations - Sensor descriptions available - Services to task and access sensors - Local, regional, national scalability - Enabling the Enterprise Automobile As Probe OGC Sensor Web

57. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. OGC Sensor Web Standards - Goals Quickly discover sensors (secure or public) that can meet my needs – and learn about what they can do (location, observables, quality, ability to task) Obtain sensor information in a standard encoding that is understandable by the user and by software Readily access sensor observations in a common manner, and in a form specific to my needs Task sensors, when possible, to meet my specific needs Request and receive alerts / notification when a sensor measures a particular phenomenon, or completes a requested task

58. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Sensor Web Enablement Specifications Information Models and Schema –Sensor Model Language (SensorML) for In-situ and Remote Sensors - Core models and schema for components, georegistration, response, process models –Extensions for SensorML - Extension models and schema for remote sensors and other specific sensor communities –Observations and Measurements (O&M) – Core models and schema for observations Web Services –Sensor Observation Service - Access Observations for a sensor or sensor constellation, and optionally, the associated sensor and platform data –Sensor Alert Service (new) – Subscribe to alerts based upon sensor observations –Sensor Planning Service – Request collection feasibility and task sensor system for desired observations –Web Notification Service –Manage message dialogue between client and Web service(s) for long duration (asynchronous) processes –Sensor Registries – Discover sensors and sensor observations Built upon Web and Internet standards

59. Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Geography Markup Language (GML)

60. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Another Information Communitys Schema Highway is: _Pavement thickness _Right of way _Width …. Cell transm. Platform is: _Location _No. of antennas _Elevation …. One Information Communitys Schema Road is: _Width _Lanes _Pavement type …. Cell tower is: _Owner _Height _Licensees …. (an instance of Road in one ICs schema) Mayberrys Cell Tower (an instance of Cell Transm. Platform in another ICs schema) Mayberry Road GML defines a data encoding in XML that allows geographic data and its attributes to be moved between disparate systems GML: Representing Geographic Features

61. Helping the World to Communicate GeographicallyCopyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. GML Instance Example Cambridge 0.0,0.0 100.0,100.0 … M11 0,5.0 20.6,10.7 80.5,60.9 motorway 11 … 2000-11 …