1. Visualizing Scholarly Discourse in eScience Simon Buckingham Shum Knowledge Media Institute Open University, UK In collaboration with: John Domingue, Enrico Motta, Gary Li, Victoria Uren, Marc Eisenstadt (Open U.), Austin Tate (Edinburgh U.), Nigel Shadbolt, Dave De Roure (Southampton U.), Albert Selvin (Verizon, USA), Maarten Sierhuis (NASA, USA) Visualization for eScience Workshop, National eScience Centre Edinburgh, 23-24 Jan, 2003

2. Why focus on discourse? Researchers spend a lot of time talking and arguing, in meetings and documents New opportunities for eScience collaborative technologies - conversations in meetings - arguments in the literature Discourse has rhetorical structure Semantic hypertext tools enable us to construct and map this visually

3. 2 EPSRC projects at the OU are developing tools Compendium …real-time mapping of discussions and domain modelling in meetings ClaiMaker …modelling research literatures as a networks of claims and counter-claims

4. Example 1: Compendium Visual mapping of discussions and domains Semantic hypertext for connecting ideas and resources Simple but powerful visual language based on IBIS (Issue-Based Information System) Group memory for collaborators –Working memory: shared visual maps of discussions created during meetings –Long term memory: recover discussions/rationale from months back Interoperability with other tools: –Generates documentation and web discussions –An intuitive interface for populating complex models Large, long term case studies documented

5. Compendium discussion map from a project meeting, capturing open issues, options, decisions, and linking in other resources

7. Maps built in meetings can be exported to create other formats of document, e.g. analysing Y2K threats to an organisation (Verizon, USA) Compendium for Visual Modelling

8. Compendiums visual maps can be used to elicit data to populate modelling tools, e.g. simulation of a Mars lander team (NASA Ames) Compendium for Visual Modelling

9. Compendium for Remote Collaboration The eScience CoAKTinG Project is integrating a suite of technologies to support the following kinds of eScience collaboration: Mapping discussions in virtual meetings (Compendium, Open U.) Multimedia meeting replay/navigation (HyStream, Southampton U.) Coordination and synthesis activities (I-X Process Panels – Edinburgh U.) Peripheral awareness of colleagues presence and availability (BuddySpace, Open U.)

10. Time-delayed attendee replays precise moment by highlighting relevant node in the Compendium discussion map (interface mockup) CoAKTinG scenario 1

11. BuddySpace: Enriching presence+messaging with semantics and visualizations

12. I-X Process Panel: coordinated, active To Do lists

13. Example 2: ClaiMaker Will prose always be the dominant format to disseminate, critique and debate research? Research literatures are huge networks of claims and debates: ClaiMaker renders this visible and analysable as a semantic web Use to review, model and analyse complex networks of ideas –Who disagrees with this paper? –What evidence is there for this prediction? –What impact did this paper have? –What is the intellectual history of this idea?

14. A menu-driven web interface to annotate publications with new concepts, and make connections between concepts using a set of link-types derived from discourse and argumentation theory, and commonly used in research. Adding to the Network

15. Drawing new conceptual structures via a mapping interface (an alternative to the menu/form interface)

16. What documents challenge this one? 1.Extract concepts for this document 2.Trace concepts on which they build 3.Trace concepts challenging this set 4.Show root documents

17. Focusing on a concept from previous view

18. Searching for Patterns Textual listing of results for a search on machine learning with a certain type of connection Interactive applet to see and browse the structure of the search results

19. Graph-theoretic cluster detection. Borrowing from scientometric techniques for identifying emerging research fields, instead of citations, we use inter-concept links. Visual Knowledge Services

20. Visualizing Argumentation Springer-Verlag, 2002 www.VisualizingArgumentation.info Argument mapping for scholarly publishing, scientific and public policy debates, education, teamwork, and organisational memory

21. To know more… EPSRC CoAKTinG Project: www.aktors.org/coakting www.CompendiumInstitute.org kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/buddyspace EPSRC Scholarly Ontologies Project: kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/scholonto claimaker.open.ac.uk Visualizing Argumentation book: www.VisualizingArgumentation.info