1. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Reviewing the Literature Paul Kawachi FRSA Open University of China kawachi @ open - ed. net

2. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net Reviewing the Literature Paul Kawachi FRSA Open University of China kawachi @ open - ed. net http : // www. open - ed. net / library / review. ppt

3. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net suggestions as a road map to help guide researchers as writers in how to review the literature overview

4. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net i cycles iteratively ii four stages in each cycle iii the cycles iv examples in practice overview

5. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net i cycles iteratively :

6. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net cycles

7. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net learning occurs in cycles iteratively with each cycle moving on into the next throughout life cycles

8. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net reviewing the literature occurs in cycles with each cycle further developing your understanding cycles

9. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net ii four stages in each cycle :

10. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net a cycle the transactional distance model of learning Stage 1 get input Stage 2 organise Stage 4 output Stage 3 critique

11. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net stages in a cycle less transactional distance 1 S - D - 2 S+ D - 3 S+ D+ 4 S - D+ cooperative sharing old collaborative creative collaborative disjunctive cooperative experiential the transactional distance model of learning S = imposed structure D = educative dialogue

12. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net 1 2 4 3.3. 1 2 3.3. 3.3. 4 1 2 4 four stages

13. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net 1 2 4 3.3. 1 2 3.3. 3.3. 4 1 2 4 four stages get input organise output critique

14. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net four-stages in each cycle : 1 : get input 2 : organise 3 : critique 4 : output four stages

15. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net four-stages in each cycle : 1 : get input 2 : organise 3 : critique 4 : output four stages experience, search, read, listen link examples with reasons disjunctively judge, decide test out, get feedback and learn

16. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net iii the cycles :

17. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net four-stages in each cycle : 1 : get input 2 : organise 3 : critique 4 : output this cycle repeats with more purpose, refinement, detail … cycles

18. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net four-stages in each cycle : this cycle repeats with more purpose, refinement, detail … cycles 1 4

19. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net initial cycle : second cycle : next cycle : more cycles : cycles 1 experience, 2 reflect on why, 3 what alternatives, and 4 try to get some consistent understanding 1 taking initial understanding as a starting point, read, and search for related input, 2 collate notes and link up by reasons, 3 share and consider alternatives, then 4 write a draft 1 research, 2 annotate earlier draft, 3 share and consider alternatives, then 4 write a better draft repeat similar activities in the four stages

20. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net cycles : so there are cycles of reading the literature, thinking about the value of the input content, comparing different views from various sources, and writing an original sensible interpretation cycles

21. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net iv examples in practice :

22. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net now let’s look at sources of literature and how to access these in practice

23. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : encyclopaedia and reference books library indexed books newspapers and periodicals academic journals and conference proceedings online sources and internet searches discussion groups, colleagues, in practice

24. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : encyclopaedia and reference books reading these general books gives you a comprehensive overview and the framework on which you can then position your later more-detailed reading in practice

25. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : library indexed books not all books are linked to the web in practice

26. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : newspapers and periodicals there are 1000s of online newspapers and news lists in practice

27. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : academic journals and conference proceedings one article can introduce 100 related articles and you quickly need to filter and focus your search in practice

28. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : online sources and internet searches more than 800 search engines giving different findings – there are three basic kinds of search engine ;- 1) 2) 3) in practice

29. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net sources of literature : discussion groups, colleagues a global network of friends can help ; although if you never help them then they’ll quickly stop sending you their sources … invest your time forwarding interesting quality news to others in practice

30. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net other points : there is a pervasive inescapable need for you to be systematic design or adopt a system of storage-and-retrieval to manage your reading-and-writing see Personal Knowledge Management finally http : // www. open - ed. net / library / pkm. ppt

31. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net You can download these slides freely from the website http : // www. open - ed. net / library / review. ppt or by email to me at kawachi @ open - ed. net