1. NSAA/NASC Middle Managers Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ernest A. Almonte CPA, CFE Auditor General State of Rhode Island

2. A Warning from the GAO Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Long-Term Fiscal Outlook of Federal, State, and Local Governments – How It Will Affect Your Retirement

3. Poor Financial Condition Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ September 30, 2007 - David Walker - GAO $7 Trillion Deficit Social Security Fund/ Medicare & Medicaid Funds 50.5 Trillion (Thats right 12 zeros) and rising/ 170,000 48.8 Trillion (Net Worth) - (Gates/Housing) Prescription Drugs – 7.9 Trillion Social Security Debate – Medicare/Medicaid harder to fix A public that does not take care of personal finances

4. Our Legacy Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cross Generation Issue

5. Federal Spending for Mandatory and Discretionary Programs Net Interest Discretionary Mandatory Source: Office of Management and Budget. 1966 1986 2006

6. Composition of Federal Spending 1966 1986 2006 Defense Social Security Net interest Medicare & Medicaid All other spending Source: Office of Management and Budget and the Department of the Treasury. Note: Numbers may not add to 100 percent due to rounding.

7. Major Fiscal Exposures ($ trillions) 20002006% Increase Explicit liabilities$6.9$10.452 –Publicly held debt –Military & civilian pensions & retiree health –Other Commitments & contingencies0.51.3140 –E.g., PBGC, undelivered orders Implicit exposures13.038.8197 –Future Social Security benefits 3.86.4 –Future Medicare Part A benefits 2.711.3 –Future Medicare Part B benefits 6.513.1 –Future Medicare Part D benefits --7.9 Total$20.4$50.5147 Source: 2000 and 2006 Financial Report of the United States Government. Note: Totals and percent increases may not add due to rounding. Estimates for Social Security and Medicare are at present value as of January 1 of each year and all other data are as of September 30.

8. Potential Fiscal Outcomes Under Baseline Extended (January 2001) Revenues and Composition of Spending as a Share of GDP Revenue Source: GAOs January 2001 analysis. all other spending is net of offsetting interest receipts. Percent of GDP a a a

9. Potential Fiscal Outcomes Under Alternative Simulation Revenues and Composition of Spending as a Share of GDP Revenue Source: GAOs August 2007 analysis. Notes: AMT exemption amount is retained at the 2006 level through 2017 and expiring tax provisions are extended. After 2017, revenue as a share of GDP returns to its historical level of18.3 percent of GDP plus expected revenues from deferred taxes, i.e. taxes on withdrawals from retirement accounts. Medicare spending is based on the Trustees April 2007 projections adjusted for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services alternative assumption that physician payments are not reduced as specified under current law. Percent of GDP

10. How Big is Our Growing Fiscal Burden? Total –major fiscal exposures$50.5 trillion Total household net worth 1 $53.3 trillion Burden/Net worth ratio95 percent Burden 2 Per person$170,000 Per full-time worker$400,000 Per household$440,000 Income Median household income 3 $46,326 Disposable personal income per capita 4 $31,519 This fiscal burden can be translated and compared as follows: Source: GAO analysis. Notes: (1) Federal Reserve Board, Flow of Funds Accounts, Table B.100, 2006:Q2 (Sept. 19, 2006); (2) Burdens are calculated using estimated total U.S. population as of 9/30/06, from the U.S. Census Bureau; full-time workers reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in NIPA table 6.5D (Aug. 2, 2006); and households reported by the U.S. Census Bureau, in Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005 (Aug. 2006); (3) U.S. Census Bureau, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005 (Aug. 2006); and (4) Bureau of Economic Analysis, Personal Income and Outlays: October 2006, table 2, (Nov. 30, 2006).

11. Current Fiscal Policy Is Unsustainable We face large and growing structural deficits largely due to known demographic trends and rising health care costs. –GAO s simulations show that balancing the budget in 2040 could require actions as large as Cutting total federal spending by 60 percent or Raising federal taxes to 2 times today's level

12. Faster Economic Growth Can Help, but It Cannot Solve the Problem Closing the current long-term fiscal gap based on reasonable assumptions - require real avg. annual economic growth in the double digit range every year for the next 75 years. 1990s economy grew at an average 3.2 percent per year.

13. The Way Forward: A Three-Pronged Approach 1.Improve Financial Reporting, Public Education, and Performance Metrics 2.Strengthen Budget and Legislative Processes and Controls 3.Fundamentally Reexamine & Transform for the 21 st Century (i.e., entitlement programs, other spending, and tax policy) Solutions Require Active Involvement from both the Executive and Legislative Branches

15. Shift in Ownership of Debt Held by the Public 1993 2004 Foreign Official & Non-Official Holdings Federal Reserve Domestic Private Investors State & Local Governments Source: Department of the Treasury. End of Fiscal Year

17. OPEB Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Post Retirement Benefits Other Than Pensions

21. Personal Saving Rate Has Declined Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce. Percent of disposable personal income

22. Why should you care? Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cross Generational Issue Political Leaders need to address the issue My Parents – (LUXURY/NECESSITY) Get your Financial House in order Retirement Planning is critical

23. Rhode Island Pension Report Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unfunded Pension Liabilities Investment Performance Funded Ratio Unrealistic Actuarial Assumptions Political/Financial Conflict

24. Vision Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ i AN AMERICAN PUBLIC THAT UNDERSTANDS HOW THEY AND FUTURE GENERATIONS WILL BE IMPACTED BY OUR NATIONAL DEBT AND RELATED LONG TERM OBLIGATIONS GALVANIZED IN POSITIVE CHANGE

25. Challenge for All Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Encourage Debate More Resolutions by Various Organizations Engage Colleges and Universities Speaking Engagements Write Editorials Include information in other presentations Encourage reporting of all liabilities on Financial Statements Look at budgeting at all levels (incremental change/sunset) Look at present value of future cash flows in decision proc.

26. Elected Officials Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IF YOUR CONSCIENCE DISAPPROVES, THE LOUDEST APPLAUSE ARE OF LITTLE VALUE – JOHN ADAMS

27. Affect on Retirement Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Higher Income and Estate Taxes? Reduced Government Services? Responsibility for your own retirement? Lower Social Security Benefits? A hard look at the preparation of Actuary Assumptions?

28. Affect on Retirement Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 360 Degrees of Financial Literacy Life cycle financial issues www.aicpa.org

29. Conclusion Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ THOUGHTS FOR YOUR RIDE HOME – Your Homework Assignment

30. Contact Information Office of the Auditor General - State of Rhode Island _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ernest A. Almonte CPA, CFE, CGFM Auditor General 86 Weybosset St. Providence, RI 02860-4807 401-222-2435 email: ernest.almonte@oag.ri.gov website: www.oag.ri.gov