1. The Human Body
Nutrition

2. What does this picture have to do with a human body?
Bodies (and cells) are like factories with many different jobs that take in raw materials to achieve those jobs

3. element
atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
organs
Nutrients

4. Nutrients
A substance that a living thing must take in to promote growth, maintenance, and repair is called nutrients.

5. 6 nutrients
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, minerals
Carbohydrates: organic compounds made from one or more sugar molecules.
They store and provide energy for your body to function

6. Carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates are called sugars.
Found in many forms:
Sucrose (granulated sugar)
Fructose (honey, fruit)
Lactose (milk sugar)
Glucose (fruit, flows through blood)

7. Complex Carbohydrates
Made of sugar molecules linked together in chains
They form starch in potatoes, pasta and bread.
Some cc’s, such as cellulose (fiber) are not digestible

10. Proteins Made of amino acids
They regulate the chemical reactions in the body, transport and store materials, promote growth and healing.
They are long chains of molecules
Our cells need combinations of different amino acids to make proteins for reactions in our bodies

12. Cholesterol is a compound lipid, helps build cell membranes
lipids
Simple or compound
Are molecules of triglycerides (alcohol glycerol) with fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated)
Cholesterol is a compound lipid, helps build cell membranes
Saturated fats have all the hydrogen atoms they can hold (meat fat/butter) unsaturated do not have all the hydrogen atoms they can hold and are better for us (olive oil)

14. Vitamins
Organic substances needed in small amounts for growth and activity
Either fat or water soluble (dissolve in)
4 fat-soluble:
A,D,E,K
We need a little fat to store these vitamins

15. Fat soluble

16. Vitamin C, and eight B vitamins
Water-soluble
Vitamin C, and eight B vitamins
Body excretes extra water-soluble vitamins
Many are used for cell metabolism

17. Minerals
Inorganic substances
Calcium and phosphorus make up most of our mineral content
Some minerals work together, others alone
Most play a role in one of the body’s chemical processes in a cell

18. Water More than 70% of our body mass is water.
Most of our water is found in our cells
Intracellular/extracellular
Ex. Is water, nutrients, and carbon dioxide, electrolytes

19. Digestions, Absorption, GI Tract
1. Digestion: food is broken down into microscopic nutrients through digestion
A. chewing
B. chemically with enzymes.

20. 2. Absorption: nutrient molecules are moved into the bloodstream.
Most absorption occurs in walls of small intestine
Bloodstream brings nutrients everywhere