1. Causes of Civil War

2. What the North looked like
Urban – lots of cities
Factory based – industrial society
Slavery is abolished
Lots of immigrants
Extensive railroads
Blacks are free but not equal
Emphasized public education

3. What the South looked like
Agriculture based – agrarian society
Relied on slave labor
Underdeveloped railroad
Life revolved around planters
Rural – country
25% owned slaves

4. Sectionalism
When parts of the country become more concerned with their section rather than the country as a whole
For example: South more concerned with preserving their way of life rather than keeping the country united

5. States’ Rights
Idea that states’ have certain rights that federal government can not overrule
Southern states felt that federal government could not stop them from leaving the Union since they joined it voluntarily
North saw the Fugitive Slave Act as a violation to their states’ rights

6. Territorial expansion
As the country expands westward one question keeps coming up?
Slavery – Will the territory be free or slave
Missouri Compromise of 1820
-Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine admitted as a free state
-kept the peace for 30 years

7. Compromise of 1850 California wants to join as a state
This would throw off the balance of free and slave states in Congress
The compromise was California enters as a free state and a stronger Fugitive Slave Law passed
-required Northerners to help recapture
runaway slaves or they could be fined
-Slave catchers roamed the North sometimes
capturing free blacks
-Upset the Northerners – morally wrong and
violated their states rights

8. Anti-slavery movement
Abolitionists were growing in number
-people that are against slavery
Harriet Beecher Stowe writes the novel
Uncle Tom’s Cabin which showed the cruelty of slavery
-divided the country more

9. Kansas Nebraska Act
Stephen Douglas wants the railroad to go through Chicago.
Gets support by suggesting that Kansas Nebraska territory will be divided in to two states and slavery will be decided by popular sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty allows residents to vote on slavery

10. Bleeding Kansas
Residents of Missouri pour in to Kansas and vote illegally
Proslavery wins – antislavery settlers reject the government
Proslavery mobs loot Lawrence, Kansas
Leads to violent mobs and conflicts break out
Violence will last for two years

11. Republican Party Formed after the Kansas Nebraska Act
Anti-slavery party
Sought to protect the North’s interests

12. Dred Scott Decision A slave in Missouri
He had lived for a time in free states
He sued for his freedom after his owners death
Case goes before the Supreme Court
Court ruled against Dred Scott – said he was property, not a US citizen, and can not sue

13. The Dred Scott case was a huge victory for the South
Northerners wanted to win the Presidency so they could stack the Supreme Court with judges sympathetic to anti-slavery cause
Further divided the states

14. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Lincoln vs. Douglas for Senate seat
their debates are the model for political debates
Debates put Lincoln in the spotlight
Douglas wins but loses the support of Southern democrats

15. Harper’s Ferry
John Brown a strong abolitionist wants to provoke a slave uprising
Plans to capture the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and then arm slaves so they can revolt
attack is a failure – Brown is found guilty of treason and hung – becomes a martyr in the North
Convinces the South that their way of life is under attack

16. Election of 1860 In the North you have Douglas vs. Lincoln
In the South you have Bell vs. Breckinridge
Lincoln wins the North and Breckenridge wins in South
Lincoln becomes new president because North has larger population

17. South reacts
Feeling their way of life will be ended they decide to secede
Argue that they chose to join the Union they can choose to leave it – states’ rights
South Carolina was first to secede
Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas soon follow
Form the Confederate States of America

18. Underground Railroad
Escape routes that helped runaway slaves reach freedom in the North or Canada
Conductors were the people that helped guide the slaves on their route

19. Famous Abolitionists Sojourner Truth
Escaped from slavery at the age of 30
Spoke publicly throughout the North about her experiences
Helped further the abolitionist movement

20. Frederick Douglass
Escaped from slavery by hopping a train with a borrowed pass
Spoke publicly about slave life
Wrote a book about his experiences as a slave
Traveled England and Ireland speaking about slavery
Spoke with Lincoln about emancipating the slaves

21. Harriet Tubman Born in to slavery
Escaped when she learned she was to be sold
Made 19 trips back to the South to lead slaves to freedom
A conductor on the Underground Railroad
Had a $40,000 reward for her capture
She served as a nurse, cook , and spy for the Union army during the Civil War