2. Biochemistry Notes

3. Biochemistry Biochemistry Study of science that explores how properties of CHEMICALS make life possible

4. Biochemistry Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds Compounds that do not contain carbon Compounds that do contain carbon All living organisms are made of carbon

5. Biochemistry Inorganic Compound Water Most important inorganic compound for living organisms Excellent solvent Polar compound: opposite charges at each end of the molecule High heat capacity: can absorb and release a lot of heat/energy before changing temperatures

6. Biochemistry Organic Compounds Carbon Carbon forms the structural backbone of all organic molecules. Can bond with 4 other atoms OR can bond with other carbons to form long chains or rings.

7. Biochemistry Organic Compounds Monomers Polymer Basic units that repeat over and over large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

8. Four major kinds of polymers (macromolecules)… 1)Carbohydrates 2)Lipids 3)Proteins 4)Nucleic acids Biochemistry

9. BiochemistryCarbohydrates Used for Basic Monomer Contain C, H 2, and O in the same ratio as in water Energy source (sugars and starches) Structural and cellular support Monosaccharide

10. Biochemistry Monosaccharide Simple sugars Glucose and Fructose Same molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6

11. Biochemistry DisaccharidePolysaccharide Double sugar molecule Largest carbohydrate Starch: Stored food (glucose) Sugar: Quick energy source

12. Biochemistry Lipids * Basic Monomer * Basic Monomer Fats, Oils, and Waxes Contains C 2, H 2, and Insoluble in water Storage of energy Helps make up the cell membrane Glycerol + Fatty Acid

13. Biochemistry Proteins *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Basic building material of all living things Examples: hair, nails, blood, muscle, skin Sources: egg whites, gelatin, meat Amino Acid

14. Biochemistry Amino Acids (aa) Each has a distinctive characteristic Same basic structure: Four groups attached to a central carbon atom Acid Group (COO) Amino Group (NH 3 ) Hydrogen Atom (H + ) R-Group Determines the amino acid

15. Biochemistry Amino Acids (aa) 20 different naturally occurring amino acids 10 produced by the human body Held together by peptide bonds Polypeptide: 3 or more amino acids bonded together

16. Biochemistry Enzymes They are proteins Like a key that fits into only one lock The lock is the substrate The key is the enzyme Active Site: Place where the enzyme and substrate bond Catalyst: Enzymes that speeds up a reaction

17. Biochemistry Nucleic Acids *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Carry instructions for cellular activity Nucleotide

18. Biochemistry Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Blueprint of instructions that get transmitted from generation to generation Found in the nucleus only!!!

19. Biochemistry Ribonucleic Acid RNA Transfers and reads the instructions then makes proteins nucleus Found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm

20. Biochemistry Write a 3 sentence summary. Complete the Chemistry concept map.