1. Plant Organs and Systems

2. Levels of organization for plants and animals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems

3. Plant organization Plant cell (bark cell) Plant tissue (bark tissue)
Plant organ (leaves, stems, roots)
Plant system (work together to make, transport, and store food)

4. Plant Organs
Leaf:
function: make food, give shape, keep water inside plant
cuticle
Vascular bundle
(xylem & phloem)
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
lower epidermis
stomata
guard cell

5. Leaf Parts:
Cuticle: waxy layer on outside surface, prevents water loss
Epidermis: outer layer, protection
Mesophyll: photosynthetic tissue, made up of 2 layers
Stomata: openings on leaf surface for exchange of gases
Guard cell: controls the size of the stomata
Xylem: carries water from roots to leaves
Phloem: carries food from leaves to other parts of the plant

6. Plant Organs
Stems:
functions: hold the leaves up, moves water, food, and other materials.

7. Plant Organs
Roots:
functions: take in water and other materials from soil, hold plant in soil, store extra food

8. Plant Organs Flowers: Non reproductive parts = petal and sepal
Reproductive parts = stamen and pistil
Stamen – male reproductive part contains the anther which makes the pollen containing sperm
Pistil – female reproductive part contains the ovary at the bottom which holds ovule that makes the eggs

9. In plants, sexual reproduction takes place in the flower.

10. Flower Structure

11. Female Parts Pistil = the female structure of the flower
Ovary = contains ovules where eggs are formed.
Stigma = receives the pollen during fertilization.
Style = area between the stigma and ovary.

12. Male Parts Stamen = the male reproductive structure of a flower
Anther = where pollen is produced.
Filament = holds up the anther
Pollen = male gamete
Pollen shape is different for each plant

13. Other Flower Structures
Petals = usually colorful, leaf-like structures surrounding the male and female reproductive organs.
Sepals = found below the petals and encase the rest of the flower when it is in bud and not yet opened

14. Plant Processes
Transpiration: the evaporation of water from the stomata of leaves
Absorption: uptake of water from the roots
Response to stimulus: plants respond to external stimuli from a specific direction Ex: tropisms

15. Tropisms: “trop” = turn, change “ism” = thing
Phototropism = the tendency of a plant to move towards a light source
Hydrotropism = the tendency of a plant to grow with the roots reaching toward water
Geotropism = the tendency of a plant to grow with the roots downward and with the leafy parts upward