1. Heat Stress

2. Hot work environments v Outdoor work in hot weather v Foundry work v Smelting v Brick-firing, ceramics, or glass manufacture 1a

3. Hot work environments v Rubber manufacture v Work in bakeries, confectioneries, kitchens v Laundry operations 1b

4. Risk factors v Not everyone is affected equally Age, weight, physical fitnessAge, weight, physical fitness Metabolism, medications, use of alcohol/drugsMetabolism, medications, use of alcohol/drugs v Air temperature 2a

5. Risk factors v Humidity v Direct sun v Radiant heat sources v Clothing 2b

6. How heat causes fatigue v Blood circulates to upper layers of skin v Less blood is available to provide energy to active muscles, brain, internal organs 3a

7. How heat causes fatigue v Performance, coordination, alertness all decline v Gradually adjust to working in hot conditions 3b

8. Heat rash v Results from body’s natural cooling mechanisms v Body heat is released through sweating v If sweat ducts become plugged, a rash can develop 4a

9. Heat rash v Rash is very uncomfortable, can become infected v Rest in a cool area v Bathe and dry the skin ASAP 4b

10. Fainting v Fainting can be a reaction to the heat v As blood is circulated to extremities, it can accumulate in the lower part of the body 5a

11. Fainting v Fainting can occur if the brain does not get enough blood v Lie down in a cool area 5b

12. Muscle cramps v Occur in tired muscles when worker sweats profusely and drinks large amounts of water v Sweating removes salt from the body v Drinking dilutes body fluids 6a

13. Muscle cramps v Low salt levels can cause painful spasms v Too much salt can also cause cramps v Drink 5 to 7 ounces of water every 15 to 20 minutes 6b

14. Muscle cramps v Thirst is not a reliable indicator of the need for water in a hot environment v Avoid drinking beverages containing caffeine or alcohol 6c

15. Heat exhaustion v Results when a person has lost large amounts of fluid by sweating 7a

16. Heat exhaustion v Symptoms resemble early heat stroke FatiguedFatigued GiddyGiddy NauseousNauseous HeadacheHeadache 7b

17. Heat exhaustion v Person sweats v Skin is clammy and moist v Body temperature remains at or near normal 7c

18. Heat exhaustion v Victim may vomit/lose consciousness in extreme cases v Move victim to cool place and give plenty of liquids 7d

19. Heat stroke v Life-threatening condition v Occurs when body’s temperature regulatory system fails v Sweating becomes inadequate to remove excess heat 8a

20. Heat stroke v Skin is hot and dry v Body temperature is 105 degrees F or higher v Victim is mentally confused or delirious 8b

21. Heat stroke v Victim may have convulsions or become unconscious v Get immediate medical attention v Move victim to cool area 8c

22. Heat stroke v Soak clothing in water v Fan the body v Never leave unattended 8d

23. Measuring/evaluating heat exposures v Heat index system v Health and safety agency testing 9a

24. Measuring/evaluating heat exposures v Work classifications: Light hand workLight hand work Heavy hand workHeavy hand work Heavy work with one armHeavy work with one arm Light work with two armsLight work with two arms Moderate work with the bodyModerate work with the body Heavy work with the bodyHeavy work with the body 9b

25. Controlling heat stress v Engineering controls v Work practice controls v PPE 10a

26. Controlling heat stress v Take intermittent rest periods with water breaks v Use relief workers v Pace the work 10b

27. Controlling heat stress v Reduce physical demands v Use cool recovery or rest areas v Schedule work for cooler times of day 10c