1. Matter
Study Guide

2. Matter
Anything that has a mass and a volume

3. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Close up view of atoms and their behavior
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4. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
States of Matter
Solids
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

5. Solids Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
Solids
Particle Movement Examples

6. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
States of Matter
Liquids
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

7. Liquids Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
Liquids
Particle Movement Examples

8. States of Matter
Gases
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

9. Gases Particle Movement Examples
States of Matter
Gases
Particle Movement Examples
Particles of a gas move randomly and must be contained from all surfaces.

10. States of Matter Plasma A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees.

11. States of Matter Plasma Particles
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).

12. States of Matter Plasma Examples
Plasma can be found in stars, fluorescent light bulbs, Cathode Ray Tubes, neon signs, and lightening.

13. Physical vs. Chemical Change
Changing from one state to another is a
Physical Change.
If a new substance is formed it is a
Chemical Change.
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14. Atoms The building blocks of Matter
Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-),
and Neutrons (N).
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15. Elements Consists of only one kind of atom,
Cannot be broken down into a simpler
type of matter by either physical or
chemical means
Can exist as either atoms or molecules.

16. Molecules
A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together.
In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms
(N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

17. Compounds Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.
Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.
In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Animated images and notes from

18. Mixtures Heterogeneous
They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
Can be separated physically.
Solutions are also mixtures.
Heterogeneous
The substances are not uniformly mixed.
Example: Sand in a glass of water.
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19. Solutions Homogeneous
Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.
Homogeneous
Uniform Distribution.
Example: Sugar and Water
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20. Solute Solvent The substance to be dissolved.
The one doing the dissolving.
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21. Making a Solution

22. Concentration of Solutions
Concentrated – strong
examples; frozen orange juice in a can, laundry detergent, powdered milk, can of soda
Diluted – weak
examples; orange juice mixed in jug with water, powdered milk mixed with water, soda in melted ice

23. Mixtures Suspensions Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts
that are visible to the naked eye.
Substances will settle over time.
Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

24. Colloids
Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .
Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

25. Matter Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substances Solvent
Solution
Solvent
Colloids
Heterogeneous
Suspensions
Pure Substances
Element
Molecule
Compounds