1. Causes and Effects of the
French and Indian War

2. Navigation Acts - England tries to control trade:
1. All trade must be in English ships.
2. Captain and crew must be English.
3. Anything going to colonies must go through England.
Glorious Revolution – William & Mary over through James II (Catholic) and restore Church of England. Control in colonies is loosened and power in the government is shifted to Parliament.
Enlightenment – Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau All write of new ideas in government. We read them over here.

3. The French and Indian War
Lasted from 1754 to 1763
France and England (They called it the 7 Years War) Fought here and in Europe
Dispute over land
EFFECTS
Economic boom for colonies
Forced the colonies to work together
Colonies would have to pay for protection
Proclamation of 1763 – Kept colonists east of the Appalachian Mountains

4. F/I War 1750

5. CAUSES CAUSES FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN YEARS OF WAR
CAUSES
CAUSES
English-French rivalry worldwide would erupt into a world war.
England and the 13 Colonies fight together to defend their empire.
War begins over land disputes in the Ohio Valley
Against the French, Indian allies and Spanish
British want part of fur trade and the 2 openings into North America
FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
George Washington starts this war 5

6. French and Indian War
F/I War Ohio
Ohio Valley river systems important to England and France….
Both countries claimed these areas which were disputed….
Both countries built forts to defend their land claims….

7. British concerned about French forts in Virginia territory.
GEORGE WASHINGTON
British concerned about French forts in Virginia territory.
Send Washington, a major in the Virginia militia, to the Allegheny River Valley.  
Washington leads 300 men against the French at Fort Duquesne and kills over a 100 French.
Along the way, Washington builds Fort Necessity. The fort falls to the French in a skirmish that will lead to the French and Indian War.
A British statesman later wrote about Washington’s first skirmish: “The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.”

8. The Albany Plan Colonies rejected: not enough independence
1754: Albany Congress – convened by British, led by Franklin ~ 1st attempt at colonial unity ~ only 7 of 13 colonies there
Purpose: keep Iroquois loyal, bolster defense against France through colonial unity
Franklin sponsored plan for colonial home rule, unanimously adopted by delegates
Colonies rejected: not enough independence
London rejected: too much independence

9. French and Indian War
Seven Years of War

10. 1755  Br. Decides to Eliminate Fr. Presence in No. Amer.
Gen. Edward Braddock --> evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.
Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne  by 1500 French and Indian forces.
Only Br. Success --> expelled France from Louisiana.

11. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to control colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

13. EFFECTS EFFECTS FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN YEARS OF WAR
EFFECTS
EFFECTS
Colonists realize British are not invincible seek independence.
French lose war and all land in North America
English inherit vast new land holdings in North America
England sees responsibility to defend empire in North America
FOUGHT FOR THE CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA
Great Britain accumulates huge war debts
King George and Parliament tax the Colonies 13

14. 1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

15. England gains Florida from Spain.
F/I War 1763
Treaty of Paris 1763
England gains French land from Canada to Florida and Appalachians to the Mississippi River.
England gains Florida from Spain.

16. Effects of the War on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas.
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

17. Effects of the War on the American Colonials
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

18. Effects on Native Americans
Effects on Colonists
Pontiac’s Rebellions
Proclamation of 1763
Effects on Native Americans
Iron Workers, Shipbuilders and Farmers benefited from supplying the army
Colonists gained confidence in their ability to work together for a common goal.
Parliament would now be more strict on the colonies
Colonists would have to pay taxes to pay for the war
Natives Americans in the great lakes resisted being taken over by the British
Chief Pontiac united Native Americans in the Midwest to fight the British
War lasted several years until Pontiac signed a peace treaty in 1766
British wanted to stop colonists from moving west
Hoped to end conflicts with the Native Americans
Proclamation drew a line at the Appalachian Mountains
Land west of the mountains was reserved for the Native Americans
Most Native Americans had supported the French
Loss weakened the tribes
Despite the Proclamation settlers continued to take their land

19. Effects on Colonists
Iron Workers, Shipbuilders and Farmers benefited from supplying the army
Colonists gained confidence in their ability to work together for a common goal.
Parliament would now be more strict on the colonies
Colonists would have to pay taxes to pay for the war

20. Pontiac’s Rebellion
Natives Americans in the great lakes resisted being taken over by the British
Chief Pontiac united Native Americans in the Midwest to fight the British
War lasted several years until Pontiac signed a peace treaty in 1766

21. Proclamation of 1763 British wanted to stop colonists from moving west
Hoped to end conflicts with the Native Americans
Proclamation drew a line at the Appalachian Mountains
Land west of the mountains was reserved for the Native Americans

22. Effects on Native Americans
Most Native Americans had supported the French
Loss weakened the tribes
Despite the Proclamation settlers continued to take their land