1. The Scientific Revolution

2. Scientific
Revolution-

3. Scientific Revolution
time period when old assumptions were replaced by new scientific theories
began in the mid-1500s

4. geocentric theory
the belief that the earth is the center of the universe
also called the Ptolemaic system

5. heliocentric theory
the belief that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun
discovered by Nicolaus Copernicus ( )
also called the Copernican system

6. scientific method technique for acquiring knowledge
main developer: Francis Bacon ( )
3 basic steps:
find a problem
formulate a hypothesis
test the hypothesis

7. Galileo ( )
developed a more powerful refracting telescope and made many astronomical discoveries
discovered new laws of physics:
falling bodies
projectile motion
the Inquisition forced him to recant his beliefs

8. Johannes Kepler ( )
proved that the planets move in elliptical orbits

9. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) considered the greatest scientist in history
Invented the reflecting Telescope
discovered laws of motion and gravity
made discoveries about light and optics
invented calculus

10. medical advancements Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
Andreas Vesalius ( )
studied human anatomy by dissecting human corpses
William Harvey ( )
discovered that blood circulates through the body and is pumped by the heart (circulatory system)
Edward Jenner ( )
discovered vaccination by developing a vaccine for small pox

11. the belief that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun
geocentric theory
scientific method
the belief that the earth is the center of the universe
find a problem
formulate a hypothesis
test the hypothesis
heliocentric theory
the belief that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun
medical
advancements
Scientific
Revolution-
old assumptions were
replaced by new scientific
theories
Vesalius- disecting
Galileo
Harvey- circulation
made many astronomical discoveries
Jenner-
vaccine for small pox
Kepler
Newton-
discovered laws
of motion and gravity
proved that the planets move in elliptical orbits

12. The Enlightenment

13. Enlightenment movement that reached its height in the 18th century
people began to use reason and thought and realized the power of individuals to solve problems.
had a great effect on democratic revolutions like the American and French

14. social contract theory
Thomas Hobbes ( )
people accept a common superior power for protection
John Locke ( )
believed that humans have 3 natural rights:
life
liberty
property
if a government fails to protect the people’s rights, the people have the right to rebel
These ideas helped to frame the Declaration of Independence and began the American Revolution
Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( )
people must surrender some rights in order for the government to protect rights and freedoms

15. philosophes Denis Diderot (1713-84)
French Enlightenment philosophers
important philosophes:
Baron de Montesquieu ( )
separation of powers
Voltaire ( )
promoted religious tolerance and free speech
Denis Diderot ( )
compiled the world’s 1st true encyclopedia

16. Deism
religious philosophy that became popular during the Enlightenment
basic belief: God set the universe in motion then left it alone (like a clockmaker)

17. Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)
wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
argued for equal rights for women
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Mary Godwin
Mary Shelley

18. capitalism economic system father of capitalism: Adam Smith (1723-90)
promoted a free market system with little government interference (laissez faire)
Smith’s three natural laws of economics:
the law of self-interest
the law of competition
the law of supply and demand