1. Child Development in Egypt
Luci Doherty
Stephen McCue
Tim Schmotzer

2. Culture of Egypt Capital: Cairo Population: 67 million Climate: Desert
Hot and dry summers, with moderate winters
Government: Republic
Official Language: Arabic
Religions:
90% Sunni Muslim
8% Coptic Christian
2% Jewish and other Christian denominations

3. Culture of Egypt People:
99% Eastern Hamitic background (Ancient Egyptian descent)
1% Greek, Nubian, Armenian, Italian, French
Half of the population consists of peasantry, they live in rural areas and earn their living through farming, the other half consists of the rich or socially elite.
The people are mostly located around the Nile River and Nile Delta.

4. Culture in Egypt
Most businesses are closed on Fridays, because it is a holy day for Muslims.
Ramadan: no eating, drinking, smoking, or gum chewing while the sun is up.
Egyptian Muslims are only allowed to work for 6 hours a day during the month of Ramadan.
Christians can not eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum in public either during the month of Ramadan.

5. Culture in Egypt Family Honor
The most important thing in Egyptian society
Includes the nuclear and extended family
Honor
Requires hospitality to friends and guests.
Dress as well as financial circumstances allow.
Proper respect to elders and authority.
A mans word, if broken, will bring dishonor to the family.
An individuals honor is tied to the reputation of the entire family.

6. Culture in Egypt Women Expected to be conservative and modest.
Educated and normally the pride of their parents until they marry.
Widely present in professional work force, often wear a head scarf as a symbol of modesty and to discourage male advances in the professional field.
Expected to keep arm and legs covered.

7. Physical Child Development
Child Labor
An estimated 2.7 million (20.5%) Egyptian children between the ages of 6 and 14 are involved in some form of labor.
These conditions dramatically reduce a child's opportunities as an adult.
Children are being exposed to pesticides, chemicals, and pollutants these, conditions are more serious and long-lasting for children than they are for adults.

8. Physical Child Development
Child Labor
Hazardous work
Has lead to spine and neck problems
Excessive Work
Consists of working more than 6 hours a day, without days off or regular breaks during the day.
Has lead to back problems

9. Cognitive Development
Schooling
Gender differences
Low literacy rate
Socioeconomic status

10. Cognitive Development
Early Child Development (ECD) Programs
Started in 1996
Improved school performance
Direct benefits
Long-term benefits

11. Social Development Activities: Poverty: Families: Labor Laws:
In the little time the children have to play, if any at all, most play soccer which is the most popular sport.
Poverty:
Lack of proper hygiene, healthcare, and unsanitary living conditions.
Child labor is a big problem in Egypt with 23-30% of most families total income coming from their children who usually work for 12 hours a day.
Families:
Most families are very big groups of people living together in small areas.
Many children are abandoned by their families.
Labor Laws:
Children born after 2004 have a better chance of successful lives due to child labor laws finally being set in place.

12. Video

13. APA references
Friedman, N., Oppenheim, K., Russel, T., & Tennenbaum, E. (1998). The Children of Egypt: A Struggling Generation. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from Tulane University website:
Kwintessential. (n.d.). Egypt - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from Kwintessential website:
Mahoney, J., & Demand Media. (n.d.). The Culture of Egypt [Newsgroup post]. Retrieved from USA Today website:
Pearson Education. (2007). Kids From Egypt. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from Fact Monster website:
Save the Children. (n.d.). ?TOOLKIT TO ADDRESS CHILD LABOUR IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN EGYPT. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from Save the Children website:
UNICEF. (n.d.). Egypt: The Children. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund website:
Janssens, W., Van Der Gaag, J., Tanaka, S., & Academy for Educational Development,
 W. C. (2001). Arab Republic of Egypt: An Economic Analysis of Early Childhood
Education/Development.
Dancer, D., & Rammohan, A. (2007). Determinants of Schooling in Egypt: The Role of Gender  
and Rural/Urban Residence. Oxford Development Studies, 35(2),
doi: /
Dickerscheid, J. D., Schwarz, P. M., Noir, S., & El-Taliawy, M. T. (1988). Gender Concept Development of Preschool-Aged Children in the United States and Egypt. Sex Roles, 18(11/12),
WorldBank. (n.d.). In Egypt: A Future without Child Labor. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from World Bank website: