1. 1 APPLYING DAML TO FOREIGN CLEARNACE GUIDE (FCG) 07 May 03 Mark Gorniak AFRL DAML Program Manager Information Technology Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory gorniakm@rl.af.mil (315) 330-7724

2. 2 Benefits to the WarfighterDescription Technology Develop intelligent search, retrieval, and storage of mission planning data to optimize current, and future C2 capabilities Improve AMC flight planning system Comprehensive, efficient algorithm for flight planning Data search and integration methods with automated feedback into planning and scheduling system Intelligent software agents for mobility asset planning Constraint-based planning/scheduling AFRL Integrated Flight Management / Advanced Technology Demonstration (IFM/ATD) * Continuous through Spiral Development of Deliverable Capabilities T A C C AMC Data Environment Technology Investment Schedule WARP Integration - SEP01 NOTAM Search and Retrieval Intelligent Information Management Technology Transition* FY Prior 02 03 0405 As of Feb 03 Diplomatic Clearance Automation Dynamic Planning and Scheduling IDiON Integration - MAY02 POC: Edward DePalma AFRL/IFSF Reduce unneeded information presented to flyers, planners, and flight managers Highlight constraining events automatically to operators Increase overall productivity within the Tanker Airlift Control Center (TACC) Allow the operator to run numerous courses of action quickly and then select the best option WARP (Worldwide Aeronautical Route Planner) integration led to 14% fewer flying hours and 7% ($202.9M) less fuel in mobility scenario Defense Science Board (DSB) Fuel Study - May 2000

3. 3 The Big Picture Problem Were Addressing Air Mobility Command (AMC) Diplomatic Clearance Problem – Loss of $80K in Fuel and One Sortie Daily Due to Dip Clearance Violation – $180K Per Day During Contingencies – Indirect Effects: Lost Crew Time Delays in Transportation/Supply System Disrupted Flight/Cargo Movement Schedules …and On and On CLEARANCE

4. 4 Focus is efficient TACC Diplomatic Clearance Scheduling by automating: – Lead Time Computation Foreign Clearance Guide (FCG) Example: AIRCRAFT LEAD TIME REQUIREMENT – 1. Landings in the former East Germany (except for the three airports in Berlin) - Five (5) working days – 2. Air Exercises and training events in the airspace over the former East Germany - Five (5) working days – Brain Book (paper binder with penciled-in tallies) -> Applications/Annotation Approach – FCG Annotation – Agent-based Automation AMC Diplomatic Clearance Solution

5. 5 Current AMC Procedures/Challenges Extremely Dynamic Planning Environment ~300 Missions Per Day, 400-600 Sorties! Responsive to Daily Global Changes Dip Clearance Process Not Integrated Changes to Mission Schedule Not Always Linked to Diplomatic Clearance Shop/ FCG Improving Information Flow/Storage Stovepiped Data Becoming Integrated Headed Toward Complete, Constraint-Based Planning and Scheduling Environment

6. 6 Hazardous Cargo Constraints ABCDEFABCDEF

7. 7 Brain Book Applications/Annotation Hazardous Cargo Brain Book

8. 8 Ontologies Developed to Date AircraftClearanceRequest-ont AircraftType-ont AirportCargoException-ont Airport-ont ClearanceOption-ont Contact-ont Country-ont HazardousCargoException-ont Holiday-ont Leadtime-ont LandingNotification-ont* Mission-ont * Not yet coded FCG Annotation FCG OWL Ontology Mission Aircraft Cargo Diplomatic Clearance Time Lead Time HazardousNon-Hazardous Country Sortie

9. 9 Ontology Driven Information Processing FCG Database Content Editing GUI for Holiday Data Instance of Holiday Data (OWL) OWL Holiday Ontology FCG Database schema for Holiday Data tables Ontology drives schema design Data exchanged between database and GUI Schema design drives GUI design Instance file conforms to ontology Data from database populates instance file

10. 10 FCG Annotation FCG Content Markup Process Flow Authoritative Data Source (e.g. Electronic FCG) Analyst using FCG Database Content Editing GUI FCG Oracle Database Analyst using FCG Database Content Publishing GUI FCG OWL Ontology conforms to Lead Time Compute Agents Instance Data (OWL) Diplomatic Clearance Solutions for the Integrated Flight Management System : BBN & DRC

11. 11 Lead Time Algorithm For each country – Match the appropriate FCG rule (country, overflight/landing, mission type, hazardous cargo, blankets, etc.) to get the lead time requirements. – Calculate the suspense date based on the mission date, lead time requirements, working days, and holidays. – Return the lead time for landing and overflight Lead Time Computation

12. 12 Leadtime values for the mission

13. 13 Map displaying areas requiring dip clearances – Red indicating a problem

14. 14 Agent Types Heavy-weight Computation Agents Light-weight Computation Agents Search Agents - Lead Time - Work Days - Exception Handling - Reroute Suggestions - Create Dip Clearance Request Form - Validate Dip with Map – red/green - Check Blanket Clearance Availability - Classify Hazmat Cargo - Monitor and Generate Alerts - Fetch Data Agent-based Automation

15. 15 Benefits of FCG and Brain Book Content Markup Content becomes agent-consumable – Inference-able on two levels Rule-like information that already exists as part of DAML (i.e. subclass relationships) Use of RuleML to represent conditional expression Automation of certain previously manual tasks (i.e. Lead time computations) – Reduces human error – Unambiguous – interpretation of information is same every time FCG Annotation

16. 16 Lessons Learned Human readable text version must be supplemented with a significantly different (DAML) version of the FCG for machine readability. The DAML ontology is bounded by the application envisioned but re- useable by future applications. DAML allows ontologies to be extended. – Current ontology mostly limited to key concepts associated with extracting lead-times from the FCG The ontology is used to organize information, in an associated knowledge base or database, and promises to enable the ability to extend and draw inferences on information. – Note: DAML Rules Standard not yet defined; Query Language In-Process Currently, manual mark up required to extract FCG instances – Ultimately, information providers (Embassies or State Department) should be equipped with tools/templates that will allow the DAML version to be created "easily"