1. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Part II: OWL-S Technical Overview Profile, Process & Grounding ontologies Next Steps & Future Directions SWSI, SWSL & SWSA

2. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 DAML-S Web Services Coalition BBN: Mark Burstein CMU: Katia Sycara, Massimo Paolucci* ICSI: Srini Narayanan Maryland / College Park: Bijan Parsia Nokia: Ora Lassila Stanford KSL: Sheila McIlraith* SRI: David Martin* Southampton: Terry Payne* USC-ISI: Jerry Hobbs Yale: Drew McDermott *Contributor to these slides

3. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 What is OWL-S? Ontology Web Language for Services An OWL ontology/language for (formally) describing properties and capabilities of Web services An approach that draws on many sources Description logic AI planning Workflow Formal process modeling Agents Web services http://www.daml.org/services/

4. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Layered Approach to Language Development DAML-??? (Rules, FOL?) XML (Extensible Markup Language) RDF (Resource Description Framework) RDFS (RDF Schema) DAML+OIL OWL (Ontology) OWL-S (Services) OWL-S: a major application of OWL Future versions will build upon emerging layers (e.g. DAML-Rules)

5. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 OWL-S Objectives Automation of service use by software agents Ideal: full-fledged use of services never before encountered: Discovery, selection, composition, invocation, monitoring,.. Useful in the real world Compatible with industry standards Incremental exploitation Enable reasoning/planning about services e.g., On-the-fly composition Integrated use with information resources Ease of use; powerful tools

6. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Automation Enabled by OWL-S Web service discovery Find me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai. Web service invocation Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from www.acmemoo.com Web service selection & composition Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai. Web service execution monitoring Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet?

7. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Process Model Grounding Development … Deployment … Use … Publication Simulation Verification Discovery Composition Key: Selection Execution, Interoperation Monitoring, Recovery Profile

8. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Upper Ontology of Services Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, University of Southampton

9. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 High-level characterization/summary of a service Used for Populating service registries A service can have many profiles Automated service discovery Service selection (matchmaking) One can derive: Service advertisements Service requests Service Profile: What does it do?

10. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Profile Non Functional Properties Functionality Description

11. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Profile: Functionality Description Functional Specification of what the service provides in terms of parameters, subclassed as: –preconditions –inputs –outputs –effects Summarizes the top-level Process

12. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Profile: NonFunctional Properties Provides supporting information about the service.

13. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Profile: NonFunctional Properties These include –serviceName –textDescription –qualityRating –serviceParameter –serviceCategory –contactInformation

14. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Profile: NonFunctional Properties - Actor

15. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Class-hierarchical yellow pages –Implicit capability characterization –Arrangement of attributes on class hierarchy –Can use multiple inheritance –Relies primarily on non-functional properties Process summaries for planning purposes –More explicit –Inputs, outputs, preconditions, effects –Less reliance on formal hierarchical organization –Summarizes process model specs –Relies primarily on functional description Service Profile: Styles of use

16. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Exploiting Profile Hierarchies Tie in with UDDI, UNSPSC, … DL Basis for matchmaking Multiple profiles; multiple taxonomies

17. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Upper Ontology of Services

18. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Model How does it work? Process –Interpretable description of service providers behavior –Tells service user how and when to interact (read/write messages) & Process control –Ontology of process state; supports status queries –(stubbed out at present) Used for: –Service invocation, planning/composition, interoperation, monitoring All processes have –Inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects –Function/dataflow metaphor; action/process metaphor Composite processes –Control flow –Data flow Process Model: How does it work?

19. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Model / Process Model

20. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Acme Book Truck Shipment Function/Dataflow Metaphor Input: confirmation no.... Output: failure notification … truck available + valid credit card Y N ? customer name origin destination weight pickup date...

21. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor Input: confirmation no.... Output: failure notification … truck available + valid credit card Y N ? Preconditions: customer name origin destination pickup date... knowledge of the input... goods at location if successful credit card debited... Effect: Output: Effect: Acme Book Truck Shipment

22. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 AcmeTruckShpng www.acmeair.com book flight service customer name flight numbers dates credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification errror information … ? www.acmehotel.com book hotel service confirmation no. dates room type credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification … ? www.acmecar.com book car service customer name location car type dates credit card no.... confirmation no.... failure notification … ? Composite Process ? Input & Preconditions Output & Effects

23. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Atomic Process Example GetDesired Flight Details Airport Flight Date departureAirport_In outboundDate_In <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.daml.ri.cmu.edu/ont/ DAML-S/concepts.daml#Airport" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.daml.ri.cmu.edu/ont/ DAML-S/concepts.daml#FlightDate" />

24. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Composite Process Example Composite Process Confirm Reservation BookFlight Get Contact Details Sequence Get Flight Details Reserve Flight Sequence

25. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Simple and Composite Processes truck available + valid credit card Y N Confirm Shipping Region Get Quote Get Shipping Dates Book Truck Shipment Acme Truck Shipping Service expands AcmeTruckShpngExpandedAcmeTruckShpng

26. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Upper Ontology of Services

27. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Service Grounding: How to access it Implementation-specific Message formatting, transport mechanisms, protocols, serializations of types Service Model + Grounding give everything needed for using the service Builds upon WSDL

28. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 OWL-S / WSDL Grounding Web Services Description Language –Authored by IBM, Ariba, Microsoft –Focus of W3C Web Services Description WG –Commercial momentum –Specifies message syntax accepted/generated by communication ports –Bindings to popular message/transport standards (SOAP, HTTP, MIME) –Abstract types; extensibility elements Complementary with OWL-S

29. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 OWL-S / WSDL Grounding Resources/Concepts WSDL OWL-S Process Model Atomic Process Operation Message Inputs / Outputs Binding to SOAP, HTTP, etc.

30. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 OWL-S / WSDL Grounding (contd)

31. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 daml-property owl-s-process inputX daml-property outputY Atomic Process WSDL Document OWL-S / WSDL Grounding (contd)

32. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Review: Upper Ontology of Services

33. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Path of Evolution Release 0.5 (May 2001) Initial Profile & Process ontologies Release 0.6 (December 2001) Refinements to Profile & Process; Resources ontology Release 0.7 (October 2002) Initial DAML-S/WSDL Grounding; Profile, Process Model refinements; more complete examples Release 0.9 (May 2003) - just announced DAML-S OWL-S Grounding: greater generality, flexibility Initial work on expressing conditions, security More community support (contributions pages) Towards 1.0 Expressiveness issues; exceptions, lifecycle; process issues

34. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 OWL-final Process Model –Exceptions –Process Control Ontology (lifecycle mgmt.) –Roles, explicit messaging –Surface language? Grounding –WSDL 1.2 Critical Path to 1.0

35. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Semantic Web Services Initiative (SWSI) www.swsi.org

36. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 SWSI Objectives Bring together US and European Semantic Web Services researchers Engage in collaborative standardization efforts –Semantic Web Services Language DAML-S as a primary input More attention to working with industry standards efforts –Semantic Web Services Architecture Close collaboration with W3C directions –Web Service Choreography Working Group –Semantic Web Services Interest Group –Likely outcome is a W3C Note

37. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 SWSI Structure Advisory Committee –Murray Burke, Hans-Georg Stork, Jim Hendler Coordinating Committee –Co-chairs: Dieter Fensel and Katia Sycara Industrial Advisory Board –Co-chairs: Michael Uschold and ??? Language Technical Committee –Co-chairs: David Martin and Michael Kifer Architecture Technical Committee –Co-chairs: Mark Burstein and Christoph Bussler

38. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 End of Part II Extra Material Follows

39. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 Challenges Profiles: relationship with processes Process modeling: many issues –Variability of public/private aspects of Processes –Extending to offline (sub)processes –Generalizing to multiple roles –Failure, transactions Where and how to go beyond OWL? –Interface between DL ontology, logical expressions, algorithm/workflow representation Connecting with Industry –Showing compelling value –Not promising too much –Providing an incremental path

40. David Martin for DAML-S Coalition 05/08/2003 (Some) Related Work Related Industrial Initiatives UDDI ebXML WSDL.Net XLANG Biztalk, e-speak, etc These XML-based initiatives are largely complementary to OWL-S. OWL-S aims to build on top of these efforts enabling increased expressiveness, semantics, and inference enabling automation. Related Academic Efforts Process Algebras (e.g., Pi Calculus) Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic, PSL) Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) Business Process Modeling (e.g., BMPL) OntoWeb Process Modeling Effort