1. Archive Task Team (ATT) Disk Storage Stuart Doescher, USGS (Ken Gacke) WGISS-18 September 2004 Beijing, China

2. Storage Technologies Online Storage –Direct Attach Storage (DAS) Storage directly attached to server –Network Attach Storage (NAS) TCP/IP access to storage typically with CIFS and NFS access –Storage Area Network (SAN) Dedicated high speed network connecting storage devices Storage devices disassociated from server

3. Storage Technologies Direct Attach Online Storage –Disk is direct attached to single server –System Configuration SCSI or Fibre Channel –RAID Fibre Channel devices are typically SAN ready Just a Bunch of Disk (JBOD) Redundant Array Independent Disk (RAID) –High Performance on the local server –Manageability Simple Configuration Resource reallocation requires physical move of controllers and disk

4. Storage Technologies Direct Attached Host A File System Host B File System Host C File System 100Mb Network (FTP/NFS) 100MB FC

5. Storage Technologies Direct Attach Online Storage –Advantages High performance on local server Good for image processing and database applications –Disadvantages Data sharing limited to slower network performance Difficult to reallocate resources to other servers

6. Storage Technologies NAS Online Storage –Disk attached on server accessible over TCP/IP Network –System Configuration Fibre Channel RAID Configurations Switched Network Environment –Performance Network Switches and/or dedicated network topologies –Reliability NAS Server performs a single function thereby reducing faults RAID, Mirror, Snapshot capabilities –Easy to Manage

7. Storage Technologies Network Attached 1Gb Network (NFS/CIFS) Host AHost BHost C File System Share Files NAS Server

8. Storage Technologies Network Attach Online Storage –Advantages Easy to share files among servers –Network Storage support NFS and CIFS –Servers can use existing network infrastructure Good for small file sharing such as office automation Availability of fault protection such as snapshot and mirroring –Disadvantages Slower performance due to TCP/IP overhead Increases network load Backup/Restore to tape may be difficult and/or slow Does not integrate with nearline storage

9. Storage Technologies SAN Online Storage –Disk attached within Fabric Network –System Configuration Fibre Channel RAID Configurations –Scalable High Performance –High Reliability with redundant paths –Manageability Configuration becomes more complex Logical reallocation of resources

10. Storage Technologies Host A Host B Host C SAN Configuration 100Mb Network Fibre Switch

11. Storage Technologies Host A Host B Host C Redundancy SAN Configuration 100Mb Network Fibre Switch (DMF) Fibre Switch

12. Storage Technologies SAN Online Storage Architecture –Disk Farm Multiple servers share large disk farm Server mounts unique file systems –Clustered File Systems Multiple servers share a single file system Software Required – Vendor solutions include –SGI CXFS –ADIC StorNext File System –Tivoli SANErgy

13. Storage Technologies Host A Host B Host C Disk Farm SAN Configuration 100Mb Network Fibre Switch Logical reallocation of disk

14. Storage Technologies SAN Risks –Cost is higher than DAS/NAS –Technology Maturity Solutions are typically vendor specific Application software dependencies –Infrastructure Support Complexity of Architecture Management of SAN Resources Sharing of storage resources across multiple Programs/Projects

15. Storage Technologies SAN Benefits –Administration flexibility Logically move disk space among servers Large capacity drives can be sliced into smaller file systems Scales better than direct attach Integrate within nearline configuration –Data Reliability Storage disassociated from the server Fault Tolerant with Redundant Paths –Increase Resource Utilization Reduce the number of FTP network transfers Logically allocate space among servers

16. Storage Technologies Host A Host B Host C SAN with Nearline Configuration 1Gb Network Fibre Switch CXFS DMF/CXFS Clustered File System Tape Library

17. CR1 SAN/Nearline Architecture DMF Server Product Distribution Tape Drives 8x9840 2x9940B 1Gb Fibre 2Gb Fibre Disk Cache /dmf/edc 68GB /dmf/doqq 547GB /dmf/guo 50GB /dmf/pds 223GB /dmf/pdsc 1100GB Ethernet

18. Future Seamless/Silo Architecture Ethernet DMF PDS Tape Library 8x9840 3x9940B FTP (lxs37) Web/Extract TP9300S 3TB TP9400 CIFS Mount Data Servers

19. Storage Technologies Multi Tiered Storage Vision –Online Supported Configurations –DAS – Local processing such as image processing –NAS – Data sharing such as office automation –SAN – Production processing such as product generation Data accessed frequently –Nearline Integrated within SAN Scalable for large datasets and less frequently accessed data Multiple Copies and/or Offsite Storage

20. Storage Technologies SAN – Final Thoughts –SAN Technology Maturity SAN solution should be from a single vendor –Program/Project SAN solution benefits +Decrease storage requirements +Increase performance +Increase reliability +Increase flexibility of resource allocations -Increase cost (hardware/software) -Increase configuration complexity

21. Storage Architecture Decisions Optimized by individual program and program manager, not the enterprise. Requirements Factors –Reliability – Data Preservation –Performance – Data Access –Cost – $/GB, Engineering Support, O&M –Scalability – Data Growth, Multi-mission, etc. –Compatibility with current Architecture Evaluated and recommended through engineering white papers and weighted decision matrices.

22. Bulk RAID Weighted Matrix

23. High Performance RAID Weighted Matrix

24. Disk & Tape Systems

27. Additional Reference materials 0403 Storage Matrix.doc 040419 SAN Forum.ppt 0407 storage overview.ppt EDC CR1 Storage Architecuture.ppt