1. The English Colonies

2. The New England Colonies
Founders were English religious groups who disagreed with many of the practices of the Church of England

3. The Pilgrims Establish Plymouth
Pilgrims- Group called Separatists
Separate from Church of England
Sailed on Mayflower
Landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts
Squanto showed how to hunt, fish and plant crops

4. The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritan- Purify the Church, start a commonwealth
Commonwealth- A community in which people worked together for the good of the whole

5. Puritan Town Organization
Puritan law required everyone to attend church
“New England Way”- Duty, godliness, hard work and honesty
The puritan work ethic and abundant natural resources of the region led to rapid growth

6. Northern Agriculture and Resources
New England soil was very rocky and winters long and cold
Subsistence farming
Fishing, lumber for ship building, fur hunting and iron deposits

7. New England Grows
Other colonies founded by religious leaders who oppose Puritan beliefs
In early 1700’s Puritanism declined because of drive to make a profit.

8. Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade- Exchange of goods between America’s, Europe, and Africa
New England send rum and iron to Africa
Trade cargo for slaves
Send slaves to West Indies for sugar & Molasses
Take sugar & molasses to New England to make rum

9. Triangular Trade

10. Africans in New England
Few enslaved people
No need for slaves on small farms
Slaves work as house servants, cooks, gardeners, stable- hands, in shops, warehouse and docks
Sometimes kept a portion of wage

11. The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Protestants, Catholics, Quakers, and Jews settled

12. Agriculture & Resources
The Hudson and Delaware Rivers supported shipping and commerce
Broad valleys, rich soil and mild winters allowed farmers to grow crops & raise livestock
Cash Crops- Raised and sold for money

13. Cities Built on Trade New York City on mouth of Hudson River
Philadelphia founded on Delaware River
Thriving wheat trade
Shipyards and shipbuilding important business

14. Diversity and Tolerance
William Penn founded Pennsylvania for Quakers
Treated people equally
One of the Wealthiest because people could pursue business freely

15. William Penn

16. Africans in the Middle Colonies
7% of Middle Colonies enslaved
Most lived in New York
Manual laborers, servants, drivers and assistants
Free Africans worked as laborers, servants or sailors

17. The Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia

18. Maryland and the Carolina’s
Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore
Place for Catholics
Carolina’s established in 1663
Built Charles Town became refuge for French Protestants
Split in to North and South Carolina 1712

19. Southern Agriculture
Coastal Plain, streams, & long growing season made Southern Colonies ideal for cash crops
Grew tobacco, rice, and indigo
South Carolina rice planters some of wealthiest in world

20. A Plantation Economy
Plantation Economy- Way of life based on large, self sufficient farms
Indentured servants bought their freedom, Native Americans died from disease & ran away
Landowners bought African slaves

22. Africans in the Southern Colonies
By 1750 more than 250,000 enslaved people lived in American colonies
85% lived in Southern colonies
Made up 40% of South’s population

23. A Planter Class Emerges
Upper class took control of the political and economic power of the South
Landowners with one or more slaves could not compete with wealthy upper class
Many moved to Backcountry

24. The Importance of Land Ownership
In England fewer than 5% of the people owned land
Colonist believed land meant land to be cultivated/owned
Landownership granted political rights
Large landowners highest social rank

25. Colonial Women Played an important role in Colonial America
Common way to achieve status
Cooked, churned butter, traded goods, tended animals, help raise crops, seamstress

26. Other roles of Women First to establish schools and orphanages
Provide medical care
Women could not own property and money earned

27. Colonial Children Apprentice- Worked without pay to learn a trade
Girls rarely became apprentices, learned sewing & cooking

28. Colonial Education
Taught to read or write so they could understand Bible
Dame School – Learned alphabet and basic reading and writing

29. Higher Education
Harvard, Yale, & Princeton trained political leaders, ministers and landowners
Did not admit women
Teaching slaves was illegal
Free Africans kept out of school

30. The Great Awakening
Great Awakening- Focused on internal religious expression, not external
Individualistic thinking
Splitting up church congregations
Educated Native Americans & slaves
Contributed to American Revolution movement

31. The Enlightenment
Enlightenment- Relied on Science, not religion for knowledge
John Locke- Wrote if government fails to protect rights people have right to change government
Locke inspired writers of Declaration of Independence