1. Aboriginal Peoples: Claiming Territory, Resources, and Culture David Rossiter, WWU Study Canada Summer Institute, 2010 Franklin Carmichael – Lake Wabagishik

2. www.bced.gov.bc.ca

3. Source: Coast Salish Historical Atlas

4. Modes of Dispossession Violent conquest Divine right / sovereign claim Treaty negotiation Claiming empty land / wilderness

5. www.kstrom.net

6. Atlas of Canada

7. Institutional Support for Claims Royal Proclamation – 1763 Calder Decision – 1973 Constitution Act – 1982 Delgamuukw Decision - 1997

8. BC Treaty Commission Established in 1992 Neutral body mandated to facilitate negotiation of comprehensive land claim agreements 58 nations currently participating Six stages of negotiation –2 Final Agreements ratified, 1 awaiting ratification –5 in stage five (Agreement-in-Principle)

9. www.nativemaps.org

10. Nisgaa Land claim finalized April 2000 –100+ years in the making 1,992 sq. km returned to Nisgaa self-government creation of preserved areas outside claim cash compensation –compensation –capitalization

14. James Bay Cree Quebec begins dam project in 1971 –No EIA, no consultation with Cree and Inuit 1975 – James Bay Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) signed 1994 – Premier Parizeau cancels project 2002: La Paix des Braves –Territorial agreement between Que. and Cree –80% of local people voted for agreement

15. Eeyou Istchee (our land, Cree land)

16. www.gvrd.bc.ca

17. Land, Resources, Culture Dispossession of land and resources accompanied by cultural dispossession –Banned practices (eg. potlatch) –Limited access to legal system –Residential schools Fundamental to installing colonial geographic order Reconciliation only in last generation

18. George Southwell – Building Fort Victoria, 1930