1. erratic

2. boulder transported and deposited by a glacier having a lithology different than the bedrock upon which it is sitting.

3. creek

4. a small stream.

5. landscape

6. scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests.

7. runoff

8. the flow of water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, over the land.

9. saturated

10. thoroughly full.

11. slope

12. used to describe the measurement of the steepness, incline, gradient, or grade of a straight line.grade straight line

13. stream

14. a body of water.

15. deposit

16. material added to a landform.

17. energy

18. the ability to do work.work

19. flood plains

20. flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences occasional or periodic flooding.stream riverflooding

21. sediment

22. is solid matter that floats in a liquid. Sediment often settles to the bottom after a while.solidmatterliquid

23. cartographer

24. map maker.

25. contour map

26. a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map.maptopographic map

27. geography

28. the study of the earth and its features.

29. topographical map

30. a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief.map relief

31. peak

32. a high point.

33. tributaries

34. a stream or river which flows into a mainstem (or parent) river, and which does not flow directly into a sea.streamriver mainstemriver

35. dam

36. a barrier that divides waters.

37. vegetation

38. the plant life of a region.

39. aerial drawing

40. a pictorial representation of earth as viewed from above.

41. analyze

42. to study something by breaking it down into simpler parts.

43. aquifer

44. a layer of underground rock or sediment that contains water.

45. canyon

46. a deep, narrow river valley with steep slopes.

47. cirque

48. a bowl-shaped hole in a mountain that has been carved out by a glacier.

49. classify

50. to group things together because they share one or more properties.

51. compaction

52. the process by which soil particles pack together.

53. conclusion

54. a decision that is based on observations or on a study of data.

55. condensation

56. the process by which a gas becomes a liquid. Water vapor turns into liquid water by condensation.

57. constant

58. a condition that is not changed in a scientific experiment.

59. controlled experiment

60. a scientific investigation in which one variable is changed and all the others are kept the same, or constant.

61. crevasse

62. a deep crack in a glacier.

63. data

64. information, such as that gathered during an experiment.

65. delta

66. an area of land where a stream drops sediment and other materials as it empties into the sea or another large body of water. Such an area is called a delta because it is often shaped like a triangle.

67. deposition

68. the process by which water or a glacier lays down earth materials.

69. divide

70. an imaginary line, usually along a ridge of land, that separates the drainage of two streams.

71. drought

72. a long period of dry weather.

73. ecosystem

74. a community that includes all the living and nonliving things found in a certain area.

75. erosion

76. the process by which earth materials are broken down and moved from place to place.

77. evaporation

78. the process by which a liquid becomes a gas.

79. evidence

80. something that offers proofs.

81. experiment

82. a procedure that is carried out to investigate a scientific question.

83. flood

84. overflow of a body of water beyond its banks or shore.

85. flow

86. the amount of water or water-saturated material that passes a channel point in a given amount of time.

87. fog

88. very fine droplets of water suspended in the air at or near the surface of the earth.

89. glacier

90. a huge mass of ice that moves very slowly over land.

91. graph

92. a diagram used to show the relationship between things.

93. ground cover

94. trees, shrubs, grasses, plants, and decayed plant material.

95. ground water

96. water that has soaked into the soil.

97. hanging glacier

98. a glacier that has broken off from a main glacier.

99. horn

100. a sharp mountain peak.

101. hydroelectricity

102. electricity that is generated by waterpower.

103. hydrologist

104. a scientist who studies how water circulates on the earths surface, underground, and in the atmosphere.

105. hypothesis

106. a prediction about how something works or how two variables are related.

107. iceberg

108. a large piece of ice that has broken off a glacier and has moved into the water.

109. irrigation

110. the process by which humans supply water to land by artificial means, such as pipes.

111. landforms

112. the features of the earths surface, such as mountains, plateaus, and plains.

113. levee

114. a bank along a stream or river that is intended to prevent flooding.

115. load

116. something carried; for example, the sediment carried by a stream or river.

117. meander

118. a large bend in a stream channel that develops when soil is eroded from one bank and deposited on the other.

119. model

120. a small version of an object or a process that scientists use to study an actual thing or event. In this unit, your stream table is a model of the actual interactions between land and water.

121. moraine

122. an accumulation of rocks and other earth materials that are deposited by the sides or end of a glacier.

123. opinion

124. an expression of how one thinks or feels about something.

125. oxbow lake

126. a lake that forms when a river breaks through the neck of a meander and moves straight onward.

127. pattern

128. a repeating arrangement of shapes, colors, numbers, or other things.

129. precipitation

130. rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

131. procedure

132. a set of steps that explains how to do something.

133. property

134. something about an object that helps identify it.

135. reservoir

136. a place where large amounts of water are stored for future use. Reservoirs are like lakes; they may be natural or made by humans.

137. soil

138. the top layer of earth. Soil is composed of organic materials (humus); inorganic materials (sand, silt, and clay), water, and air.

139. solution

140. a mixture created when a substance is dissolved in a liquid, solid, or gas.

141. surface water

142. water that stays on the earths surface rather than sinks into the soil.

143. suspension

144. a liquid mixture in which the materials are not evenly distributed and can be seen.

145. valley glacier

146. a glacier that forms in the V-shaped valley formed by a river.

147. variable

148. an element in an experiment that can be changed.

149. velocity

150. rate of motion in a given direction; speed.

151. water cycle

152. the process by which water moves through the ground, evaporates from earth into the air, forms clouds, and falls back to earth as rain or snow.

153. water vapor

154. water in its gaseous state.

155. watershed

156. an area of land that is drained by a stream or river and its branches.

157. wastewater

158. water that has been used.

159. weathering

160. the process by which earth materials are broken down by natural forces.

161. weight

162. a measurement of the force of gravity on an object.