1. Black Power As the civil rights movement grew, many African Americans questioned the effectiveness of non- violence. Others began to question the desirability of integration altogether. Adopting a slogan of Black Power, many of these leaders began to go in another direction.

2. Northern Segregation De facto segregation – Segregation that exists by practice and custom. De jure segregation – Segregation by law Which is harder to fight? Why?

3. Malcolm X In 1946, while in prison, Malcolm embraced the teachings of Elijah Muhammads’s Nation of Islam, or Black Muslims, an offshoot of the orthodox Islamic faith. He began to preach black separatism and armed self-defense.

4. Black Power A call for black people to define their own goals…and to lead their own organizations. MLK urged to stay away from this to avoid violent resistance.

5. “Because I’ve been to the mountaintop….and I’ve looked over….and I’ve seen the Promise Land….I may not get there with you but….we as a people will get to the Promise Land.”

6. King is Assassinated On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, TN, by James Earl Ray.

7. Legacy of the CRM Gains 1. End of legalized segregation 2. Constitutional and legal pro- tection of civil rights and voting rights. 3. Increased pride in racial identity. 4. More African- American voters, elected officials, and high school and college graduates. Unfinished Work 1.The movement still faces such challenges as: *housing and job discrimination *educational inequality *poverty *racism *lack of jobs 1.Affirmative Action pro- grams involve making special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have suffered discrimination.