1. Essential Standard 8.00- Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.
Pest Management
Essential Standard Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.

2. Objective 8.01
Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest.

3. What is an insect?
Small animals that have three body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs
Body regions
head
thorax
abdomen

4. Types of Insects
The five types of mouthparts are important in identifying and controlling insects.
Chewing
Piercing
Rasping
Siphoning
Sponging

5. Chewing Insects Insects tear, chew or grind food Examples grasshopper
beetle

6. Piercing Insects
Punctures plant and sucks the sap

7. Rasping insect
Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap
Example
thrips

8. Siphoning insects
Have a coiled tube they dip into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in
Example
butterfly

9. Sponging Insects
Have two sponge-like structures that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal
Example
housefly

10. Life Cycles Complete metamorphosis has four stages egg
larva-worms or caterpillars
pupa
adult-flies, beetles, etc.

11. Life Cycles Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages
egg
nymph
Adult
Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant

12. Life Cycles

13. Chewing Insects Parts of leaves are eaten away beetles cutworms
caterpillars
grasshoppers

14. Chewing Insects Beetles Cutworms
eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts
Cutworms
usually attack stems, but may eat other plant parts

15. Chewing Insects Caterpillars Grasshoppers
larva of moths and butterflies
fuzzy or hairy
eat young leaves and stems
roll up in leaves making leaves curl
Grasshoppers
eat all parts of plants

16. Sucking Insects
Aphids
Leaf bugs
Mealy bugs
Scale
Thrips
Whiteflies

17. Aphids Pierce and suck juices known as plant lice
cause stunted growth and yellow spotted leaves
causes sticky substances and black mold
will attract ants

18. Aphids

19. Leaf Bugs Cause plants to look unhealthy
plants will lose their normal color and wilt

20. Leaf Bugs

21. Mealy Bugs
Pierce and suck from underside of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions

22. Mealy bugs

23. Scale
Appear as black or brown raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

24. Scale

25. Thrips
Chew and then suck causing plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die

26. Thrips

27. Whiteflies Feed on underside of young leaves causing yellowing
will look like flying little white specks when plants are shaken

28. Whiteflies

29. Mites Attack underside of leaves causing gray to grayish-green spots
severe infestations cause webbing

30. Mites

31. Plant Diseases

32. Objective 8.02
Discuss diseases and viruses.

33. Diseases
A disease is a plant disorder caused by an infectious pathogen or agent

34. Diseases There are 3 conditions necessary for diseases in plants
host plant
disease causing organism or pathogen must be present
favorable environment for disease organism to develop

35. Pathogens There are four groups of pathogens bacteria fungi viruses
parasitic plants (attach to plants)
mistletoe
dodder
lichens

36. Bacteria Single celled microorganisms
Examples of common bacteria diseases:
Leaf spot
Rings of different shades of brown, green or yellow spots on leaves.
Blight
cause plant to quickly turn brown or black as if they had been burned

37. Blight

38. Leaf Spots

39. Fungi Cannot make their own food Examples of common fungi diseases:
They develop hyphae, structures that grow and absorb nutrients from the host plant
Many fungi are spread by spores.
Examples of common fungi diseases:
Damping off causes young plants and seedling to rot off at the soil level.
Rust cause small spots on the leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underside of leaves.
Powdery mildew grows on the upper and lower leaf surface as white or gray powdery substance. It is a common disease of houseplants
Galls are round swellings or growths usually on tree branches or leaves.

40. Damping off
A fungal disease that causes young plants and seedlings to rot off at soil level

41. Damping Off

42. Rust
Causes small spots on leaves that resemble yellow, orange, brown or red rust mainly on the underneath side of leaves

43. Rust

44. Mildew
Grows on leaf surfaces--both upper and lower--as white, gray or purple spots

45. Gall
Swellings or growths on plants

46. Viruses Viruses are pathogens with an extremely narrow host range
Examples of common viruses:
Tobacco mosaic virus which attacks tomatoes, peppers, poinsettias and tobacco.
Can be transfer from human hands of a smoker
Be sure to wash your hands before working with plants to control the spread of this virus
Cause leave to have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark to light green and yellow to white

47. Mosaic
Caused by viruses that make the leaves have irregular mottled areas with patterns ranging from dark green to light green to yellow to white

48. Mosaic

49. Others Diseases

50. Canker
Causes open wounds on woody plants

51. Canker

52. Rots
Cause plant to decay and die

53. Smut
A black, powdery disease that causes blisters that burst open releasing black spores

54. Smut

55. Wilt
A disease that blocks the uptake of water in plant stems causing plants to wilt

56. Wilt