1. Review of Verbs (Tense and Voice) Active Voice = Subject does the action of the verb. The man is praising the women. Present Tense, Active Voice The man was praising the women. Imperfect Tense, Active Voice The man will praise the women. Future Tense, Active Voice Passive Voice = Subject receives the action of the verb. The man is praised by the women. Present Tense, Passive Voice The man was praised by the women. Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice The man will be praised by the women. Future Tense, Passive Voice

2. In Latin, in the present, imperfect, and future tenses, voice is determined by the personal ending found on the verb. Active Voice Personal Endings o/m = subject is Imus = subject is we s = subject is you (sing.)tis = subject is you (pl.) t = subject is he, she, it or a nt = subject is they or a nom. sing. noun nom. pl. noun Passive Voice Personal Endings or/r = subject is Imur = subject is we ris = subject is you (sing.)mini = subject is you (pl.) tur = subject is he, she, it or a ntur = subject is they or a nom. sing. noun nom. pl. noun

3. Present Tense of voco vocare – call(Page – 179) (Active Voice) Rule = Present Stem + Personal Endings 1. voca+o = vocoI call, I am calling, I do call 2. voca+s =vocasyou call, you are calling, you do call 3. voca+t= vocathe calls, he is calling, he does call 1. voca+mus= vocamuswe call, we are calling, we do call 2. voca+tis=vocatisyou call, you are calling, you do call 3. voca+nt= vocantthey call, they are calling, they do call (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Stem + Personal Endings 1. voca+or = vocorI am (being) called 2. voca+ris =vocarisyou are (being) called 3. voca+tur= vocaturhe is (being) called 1. voca+mur= vocamurwe are (being) called 2. voca+mini=vocaminiyou are (being) called 3. voca+ntur= vocanturthey are (being) called

4. Imperfect Tense of voco vocare – call(Page – 179) (Active Voice) Rule = Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings 1. voca+ba +m = vocabamI was calling, I used to call, I did call 2. voca+ba+s =vocabasyou were calling, you used to call, you did call 3. voca+ba+t= vocabathe was calling, he used to call, he did call 1. voca+ba+mus= vocabamuswe were calling, we used to call, we did call 2. voca+ba+tis=vocabatisyou were calling, you used to call, you did call 3. voca+ba+nt= vocabantthey were calling, they used to call, they did call (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings 1. voca+ba +r = vocabarI was (being) called, I used to be called 2. voca+ba+ris =vocabarisyou were (being) called, you used to be called 3. voca+ba+tur= vocabaturhe was (being) called, he used to be called 1. voca+ba+mur= vocabamurwe were (being) called, we used to be called 2. voca+ba+mini=vocabaminiyou were (being) called, you used to be called 3. voca+ba+ntur= vocabanturthey were (being) called, they used to be called

5. Future Tense of voco vocare – call(Page – 179) (Active Voice) Rule = Present Stem + bi + Personal Endings 1. voca+bi +o = vocaboI shall call 2. voca+bi+s =vocabisyou will call 3. voca+bi+t= vocabithe will call 1. voca+bi+mus= vocabimuswe shall call 2. voca+bi+tis=vocabitisyou will call 3. voca+bi+nt= vocabuntthey will call (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Stem + bi + Personal Endings 1. voca+bi +or = vocaborI shall be called 2. voca+bi+ris =vocaberisyou will be called 3. voca+bi+tur= vocabiturhe will be called 1. voca+bi+mur= vocabimurwe shall be called 2. voca+bi+mini=vocabiminiyou will be called 3. voca+bi+ntur= vocabunturthey will be called

6. Ablative of Agent Prep. a/ab + Ablative Case Noun/Pronoun When a passive voice verb is used, the Ablative of Agent is used to show the doer of the action of the verb. The king was praised by the people. Noun Verb Prep. Noun Subject 3 rd. Sing. Ablative Nom. Imperf. Of Agent Mas. Passive Mas. Sing. Indic. Sing. Rex a populo laudabatur. (Page – 180)