2. Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com As the environment changes, the organism’s ability to adapt can change for the positive or negative. Negative: if an animal has a limited diet; the loss of a food can cause the animal to die out. Positive: if an animal has the ability to consume many foods; one food dies out, the animal continues to survive. Adaptation and Environmental Change Most adaptations are traits or characteristics that offspring inherit from their parents. Some animal behaviors are adaptations that are instinctive, or inborn. Offspring adaptations are determined by genes. Inherited Traits and Survival Plants develop structures to benefit them in harsh environments. Animals develop structures to help them obtain food within their habitat. Animals use camouflage to blend in with the habitat – this is helpful for both predators and prey. Surviving in Different Environments Plants use bright colors or strong scents to attract insects to carry out pollination. Animals provide care for their young to ensure survival. Species produce many offspring to ensure survival. Courtship behavior of animals. Reproductive Adaptations Adaptations An adaptation is a trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

6. © 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com “See”

8. Environmental Influences Biotic (Living) Factors AnimalsPlantsHumans Abiotic (Non-living) Factors ChemicalsLight & Heat Weather

9. So what? What is important to understand about this? Photosynthesis is a series of reactions that uses energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen Discovery of Photosynthesis Is about … how the experiments of Van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal that in the presence of light, plants transform C 2 O and H 2 O into carbohydrates and release O 2. Which led to the … Jan Ingenhousz experiment  Led to the discovery that plants need light to produce oxygen  Performed Priestly’s experiment and discovered that the candle only remained lighted in the presence of light Caused the… John Priestly experiment  Led to the discovery of the oxygen portion of the photosynthesis equation  Placed a lit candle inside a jar, it burned out. Then, he place a mint leaf inside the jar and the candle remained lit because of the production of oxygen by the leaf This Van Helmont experiment  Led to the discovery of the “hydrate,” or water portion of the carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis  Created and experiment to find out if plants grew by taking material out of the soil – massed dry soil and a small seed, after five years the mass of the soil was the same  concluded that the mass of the plant gained came from the water, did not realize air changed it too

11. REAL world connections Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com Topic : Gist: Essential Features Why this idea SHOULD be part of today’s world Why this idea SHOULD NOT be part of today’s world Reasoning … Ways people cause this topic to occur more Ways people prevent this topic from occurring Reasoning … R eveal key features E valuate its value to our world A nalyze reactions L ist background knowledge or experiences related to this topic AND / OR Sample of genes taken from tissue of living or dead plant, animal or insect Animal genes inserted in tissue, then inserted into host “mom” animal’s womb Plants & animals have been cloned. Possible to clone people, but none done yet Violates natural process of combining male/female genes creates constantly changing life forms – causes evolution of life promotes adaptation to changing environments Some governments create laws that prohibit cloning of humans Scientists constantly seeking new ways of manipulating & controlling environment X X X Some scientists in Great Britain cloned a sheep. Makes me think of old science fiction horror movies - may come true! cloning Duplicating genes to produce an exact replica of a living thing

13. Is about … BEFORE … AFTER … The female butterfly lays about 500 eggsIn the spring Takes 3 to 5 days for the eggs to hatch The egg must become a caterpillar/larva, and chrysalis/pupa before becoming a butterfly ALWAYS Words that always describe this topic Stormy weather, and other disasters keep eggs from hatching The larva stage can last 12 to 18 days SOMETIMES Words that sometimes describe this topic Eggs will not hatch if the environment is unhealthy Allow kids and adults to over handle the caterpillar or chrysalis NEVER Words that never describe this topic 4-winged adult lives 2 weeks uses proboscis to eat nectar 3 main body parts 6 legs female lays eggs so cycle continues ALWAYS Words that always describe this topic The adult butterfly does not live for 2 weeks Nature and people cause the butterfly to live a shorter life SOMETIMES Words that sometimes describe this topic Develop without going through each cycle Live a healthy life if people disturb their homes Live much longer than 2 weeks NEVER Words that never describe this topic What caused the things to change? A process called metamorphosis caused each change to take place Butterflies The METAMORPHOSIS of Butterflies

14. Is about … Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com The Sun The Center of our Solar System So what? What is important to understand about this? The Sun is a star, the center of the solar system, and important for life on earth. ALWAYS Stays in the same place Gives us energy Helps some part of the earth A star Hot SOMETIMES It disappears Day & Night We cannot see the sun during the day Solar Eclipse Stormy Weather It seems hotter Seasonal changes Makes the clouds colorful NEVER Moves Is close to the earth Cold A planet Safe to look directly at the sun