1. Development Indicators

2. GDP Per Capita  Most widely used single indicator to assess living standards GDP/Population  Low ( $8,000) income countries  Problems: does not include NON-MARKET transactions does not distinguish WHAT is being produced does not reflect INCOME DISTRIBUTION does not reflect QUALITY of life factors

3. Population Figures  Birth Rates/Death Rates # of births/deaths per thousand birth: MDC 14.9 LDC 26.2 death: MDC 10.1 LDC 8.3  Population Growth Rate % change in population over one year World 1.7% Europe.2% Latin America 2.1% Africa 3%  Demographic Structure dependency burden=ratio of non-workers to workers % of population under 15 (40-50% in LDCs) + over 65

4. Health Figures  Life Expectancy # of years a baby born today can expect to live ceteris paribus World 63/67 MDC 71/78 LDC 61/64  Infant Mortality # of babies who die before reaching 1 year per 1000 World 68 MDC 18 LDC 75  Calories Per Day/ Protein Per Day  Population Per Doctor/ Population Per Hospital Bed

5. Education Figures  Adult Illiteracy % of population over 15 who cannot read and write at a basic level in low income countries this may be as high as 50%  Primary School Enrollment  Per Capita Government Spending on Education

6. Poverty  Absolute Poverty inability to meet basic physical needs of life  Relative Poverty living below the ‘standard’ of a given country

7. Income Distribution  Income Distribution Ratio Population divided into quintiles; comparison of bottom two quintiles to top quintile in terms of % of household income: Bottom 40%/Top 20% India 20/41 Poland 23/35 Brazil 8/63 USA 16/42

8. Other Indicators  Energy Consumption per capita increases with “development”  Rural-Urban migration  Unemployment/Employment primary, secondary vs tertiary sector trends

9. Composite Indicators  Human Development Index HDI GDP per capita @ PPP + life expectancy + literacy + school enrollment measured on a 0-1 scale  Human Suffering Index HSI measures economic + political indicators; 0-100 scale  Sustainable Planet Index takes into account environmental affects + resource use