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Published byFranklin Sims Modified over 9 years ago
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Transcendentalism was an optimistic response to the brewing times.
Popular forms of literature, such as poems, could not adequately express the carnage that was the war-time reality, nor could they express the depths of poverty and desperation people experienced.
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April 1861, the Confederate Army attacks Fort Sumter
The Civil War begins
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The US invaded Iraq in 2003. Thus far, over 3,948 American soldiers have been killed in Iraq. In the Battle of Antietam, a single fight during the Civil War, 26,000 men were killed. By the time the Confederates surrendered, 620,000 men had been killed.
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Rifle balls shatter bones
No antiseptics Limbs were piled in a cart No anesthesia Surgeon’s sharpened their scalpels on the soles of their boots
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Photographs Need for Journalists Growing fields of psychology and natural science (Freud and Darwin) Why do people act the way they do?
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To write about the common course of everyday life with exactness.
Very different from the idealism found in Romanticism/Transcendentalism. Often focused on the slums, the factories, hardships, etc. Character development is more important than the “action.” The universe is indifferent to the plight of Man.
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People are animals People are affected by biology and environment We have limited choices and motivations
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Post-war industrialization occurred rapidly.
Factory conditions were horrible: low wages, no max. work week or overtime, no worker’s comp. or safety rules, child labor, etc. Many people lived in squalor in over-priced tenements. Local law enforcement/politicians often corrupt. Huge influx of immigrants: Polish, Irish, Italians, who rivaled for power and were often met with discrimination.
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Lives a hard life (Prostitute, Slave, A man of the streets)
Is no longer innocent Discovers truth through his struggle
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Not ideal and more often corrupt or “less than ideal” character.
Events accurately show the harsh reality of everyday life.
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Focuses on one particular geographic area and realistically presented the region’s dialect, manners and culture. Although realistic in representing the region, Regionalists often depicted unrealistic, sentimental character and social development.
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Mark Twain Brett Harte Kate Chopin
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