1. C H A P T E R Innisfree McKinnon University of Oregon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline The Pacific Northwest 16

2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Environmental Setting –Mountain ranges & valley systems –Impact of mountains on climate –Define orographic rainfall & rain shadow Historical Settlement –Russian settlement –Conflict between Britain & the U.S. –Impact of the continental railroads

3. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Political Economy –Agricultural production in major production regions Culture, People, Places –Environmental problems from rapid pop. growth

4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Term adopted by environmentalists, planners, ecologists, & economists Refers to environmental connections & consciousness Ecotopia & Cascadia Novel by Ernest Callenbach Written in 1970s

5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The Pacific Northwest Isolated –High mountains –Dense forests –Remote coastlines Natural beauty contributes to environmental consciousness Unique cool, rainy climate Connections across the Pacific Rim

6. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Major Mountain Ranges Coast Ranges –Siskiyou Mountains –Olympic Mountains –St. Elias Range (Alaska) Cascade Ranges –Portion in Canada known as Coast Mountains –Volcanic (recent eruptions – Mount St. Helens) –Highest peak – Mt. Rainier –Mt. Hood (near Portland) –Crater Lake

8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Valleys Willamette Valley Puget Sound Lowland Submerged trough in British Columbia –Strait of Georgia –Queen Charlotte Strait –The Inside Passage Columbia Plateau

9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Topography & Precipitation Orographic precipitation – lifting & cooling –Western slopes Rain shadow – eastern side of ranges –Ex. – Columbia Plateau (i.e. the Inland Empire)

10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Climate Cool, rainy winters Summers – maritime air moderates climate Coastal areas cooler in summer

11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Native Peoples Relatively dense pop. Numerous languages/groups Many coastally oriented –Fish, marine mammals

13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Russian Exploration 1700s Russian Explorers (Vitus Bering) Bering Straight Fur hunting Settlements reached S. to Fort Ross (near S.F.)

14. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. British & American Settlement James Cooks – Oregon to Alaska 1778 Lewis and Clark First pioneer families mid 1840s British center of settlement – Fort Victoria Hudson's Bay Company

15. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Post -1880s Settlement Transcontinental railroads U.S. gov. pushed for settlement Vancouver & Seattle – end of the rail lines

16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Recent Immigration Chinese –British control of Hong Kong ended in 1997 –Many Hong Kong residents moved to Vancouver Latinos –1990s increasing –Washington & Oregon –Service industries & food-processing

17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Slavic Settlement 1960s "Old Believers" arrive Left Soviet Union in 1940s China Brazil Oregon Ongoing Russian & Ukrainian religious fundamentalists >80,000 Russian-speaking refugees in Portland

18. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Political Economy Traditional – resource extraction –Fur trade –Forestry/logging –Fisheries –Agriculture

19. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Willamette Valley Agriculture The end of the Oregon Trail Fertile soil, mild climate Difficult transportation to eastern markets

20. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Early farming – wheat Then mixed production for regional markets Washington – apples Increasing organic production Farmers markets Wine grapes Hops Agricultural Change

21. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Craft brewing 6 million barrels or less Independent Traditional – all-malt beer > 1700 breweries in the U.S. (90% craft) ~6.3% of sales Oregon 82 companies 39 in Portland (most of any city in the world)

22. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Salmon & Fisheries > 1/3 of annual commercial fish catch in U.S. Also halibut, shrimp, crabs, hake, pollock, sable fish Many isolated communities in Alaska Increasing tourism

23. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Forestry Some of the largest trees in the world Redwoods – tallest Spruce, Douglas Fir important commercially Boom & bust w/ construction demand Forest Management –Quincy Library Group –First forst management plan w/broad agreement

24. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Connecting to the Pacific Rim WWII Pacific "theater" PNW becomes important to military Seattle became a major port Center for aircraft manufacturing (Boeing)

25. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Current Pacific Rim Connections Vancouver, Seattle, Portland – trade w/ Asia Companies centered in PNW w/manufacturing in Asia China, Singapore, & other parts of Asia

26. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Outdoor recreation Backpacking, sport fishing, river rafting High Technology & Tourism Starbucks Coffee & Microsoft Amazon & Bowing Many centered near or in Seattle

27. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Is continued population growth desirable? Potential threat to resource base, natural beauty Creates increasing pollution & traffic congestion Overcrowded outdoor recreation

28. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Places in Alaska The "Panhandle" –Juneau (the capital) –Sitka (capital during Russian settlement) Many coastal communities Tourist attractions –Kenai Peninsula –Kodiak Island –Denali N.P.

29. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Many isolated communities Dependent on air/water transport Exceptions Vancouver & Victoria – largest cities Vancouver – culturally diverse pop. Places in B.C.

30. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Places in WA Pop. concentrated in Puget Lowland Seattle-Tacoma urban center Preplanned communities –Longview –Richland

31. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Places in Oregon Megalopolis-style growth –Vancouver, WA – Portland – Salem – Eugene Increasing urbanization - Willamette Valley Progressive planning laws –Urban growth boundary

32. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Urban Centers in the PNW

33. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End Chapter 16