1. 2nd Semester Review

2. A mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth
A mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth. At maximum displacement, the spring force and the a. velocity reach a maximum. b. velocity reach zero. c. acceleration reach a maximum. d. acceleration reach zero.

3. A mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth
A mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth. At maximum displacement, the spring force and the a. velocity reach a maximum. b. velocity reach zero. c. acceleration reach a maximum. d. acceleration reach zero.

4. Which of the following is the time it takes to complete a cycle of motion? a. amplitude b. period c. frequency d. revolution

5. Which of the following is the time it takes to complete a cycle of motion? a. amplitude b. period c. frequency d. revolution

6. A musical tone sounded on a piano has a frequency of 410 Hz and a wavelength of 0.80 m. What is the speed of the sound wave? a. 170 m/s c. 330 m/s b. 240 m/s d. 590 m/s

7. A musical tone sounded on a piano has a frequency of 410 Hz and a wavelength of 0.80 m. What is the speed of the sound wave? a. 170 m/s c. 330 m/s b. 240 m/s d. 590 m/s

8. A student sends a pulse traveling on a taut rope with one end attached to a post. What will the student observe? a. The pulse will not be reflected if the rope is free to slide up and down on the post. b. The pulse will be reflected and inverted if the rope is free to slide up and down on the post. c. The pulse will be reflected and inverted if the rope is fixed to the post. d. The pulse will not be inverted if the rope is fixed to the post.

9. A student sends a pulse traveling on a taut rope with one end attached to a post. What will the student observe? a. The pulse will not be reflected if the rope is free to slide up and down on the post. b. The pulse will be reflected and inverted if the rope is free to slide up and down on the post. c. The pulse will be reflected and inverted if the rope is fixed to the post. d. The pulse will not be inverted if the rope is fixed to the post.

10. How high or low we perceive a sound to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave, is defined as the a. infrasonic wave. b. frequency. c. ultrasonic wave. d. pitch.

11. How high or low we perceive a sound to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave, is defined as the a. infrasonic wave. b. frequency. c. ultrasonic wave. d. pitch.

12. The Doppler effect occurs with a. only sound waves. b
The Doppler effect occurs with a. only sound waves. b. only compressional waves c. only water waves. b. only compressional waves. d. all waves.

13. The Doppler effect occurs with a. only sound waves. b
The Doppler effect occurs with a. only sound waves. b. only compressional waves c. only water waves. b. only compressional waves. d. all waves.

14. The effects of sound on the ear are loudness, pitch, and quality
The effects of sound on the ear are loudness, pitch, and quality. Loudness is an effect of ____, pitch is an effect of ____, and timbre is an effect of ____. a. intensity; harmonic content; frequency b. harmonic content; frequency; intensity c. frequency; intensity; harmonic content d. intensity; frequency; harmonic content

15. The effects of sound on the ear are loudness, pitch, and quality
The effects of sound on the ear are loudness, pitch, and quality. Loudness is an effect of ____, pitch is an effect of ____, and timbre is an effect of ____. a. intensity; harmonic content; frequency b. harmonic content; frequency; intensity c. frequency; intensity; harmonic content d. intensity; frequency; harmonic content

16. What phenomenon is created by two tuning forks side by side that emit frequencies that differ by only a small amount? a. resonance b. interference c. the Doppler effect d. beats

17. What phenomenon is created by two tuning forks side by side that emit frequencies that differ by only a small amount? a. resonance b. interference c. the Doppler effect d. beats

18. If you know the wavelength of any form of electromagnetic radiation, you can determine its frequency because a. all wavelengths travel at the same speed. b. the speed of light varies for each form. c. wavelength and frequency are equal. d. the speed of light increases as wavelength increases.

19. If you know the wavelength of any form of electromagnetic radiation, you can determine its frequency because a. all wavelengths travel at the same speed. b. the speed of light varies for each form. c. wavelength and frequency are equal. d. the speed of light increases as wavelength increases.

20. If you are reading a book and you move twice as far away from the light source, how does the brightness at the new distance compare with that at the old distance? It is a. one-eighth b. one-fourth c. one-half d. twice

21. If you are reading a book and you move twice as far away from the light source, how does the brightness at the new distance compare with that at the old distance? It is a. one-eighth b. one-fourth c. one-half d. twice

22. In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a
In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a. virtual, enlarged, and inverted. b. real, enlarged, and upright. c. virtual, reduced, and upright. d. virtual, enlarged, and upright.

23. In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a
In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a. virtual, enlarged, and inverted. b. real, enlarged, and upright. c. virtual, reduced, and upright. d. virtual, enlarged, and upright.

24. In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a
In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a. real, reduced, and upright. b. virtual, enlarged, and upright. c. virtual, reduced, and inverted. d. virtual, reduced, and upright.

25. In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a
In the diagram above, the image of object B would be a. real, reduced, and upright. b. virtual, enlarged, and upright. c. virtual, reduced, and inverted. d. virtual, reduced, and upright.

26. Refraction is the term for the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes at an angle from one ____ into another. a. glass c. area b. medium d. boundary

27. Refraction is the term for the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes at an angle from one ____ into another. a. glass c. area b. medium d. boundary

28. When a light ray passes from water (n = 1. 333) into diamond (n = 2
When a light ray passes from water (n = 1.333) into diamond (n = 2.419) at an angle of 45°, its path is a. bent toward the normal. b. bent away from the normal. c. parallel to the normal. d. not bent.

29. When a light ray passes from water (n = 1. 333) into diamond (n = 2
When a light ray passes from water (n = 1.333) into diamond (n = 2.419) at an angle of 45°, its path is a. bent toward the normal. b. bent away from the normal. c. parallel to the normal. d. not bent.

30. A beam of light in air is incident at an angle of 35° to the surface of a rectangular block of clear plastic (n = 1.49). What is the angle of refraction? a. 42° b. 55° c. 23° d. 59°

31. A beam of light in air is incident at an angle of 35° to the surface of a rectangular block of clear plastic (n = 1.49). What is the angle of refraction? a. 42° b. 55° c. 23° d. 59°

32. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle? a. total reflection b. total transmission c. partial reflection, partial transmission d. partial reflection, total transmission

33. Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle? a. total reflection b. total transmission c. partial reflection, partial transmission d. partial reflection, total transmission

34. Interference effects observed in the early 1800s were instrumental in supporting a concept of the existence of which property of light? a. polarization b. particle nature c. wave nature d. electromagnetic character

35. Interference effects observed in the early 1800s were instrumental in supporting a concept of the existence of which property of light? a. polarization b. particle nature c. wave nature d. electromagnetic character

36. For stable interference to occur, the phase difference must be a. V/C
For stable interference to occur, the phase difference must be a. V/C. b. c. c. 1/2 . d. constant.

37. For stable interference to occur, the phase difference must be a. V/C
For stable interference to occur, the phase difference must be a. V/C. b. c. c. 1/2 . d. constant.

38. At the first dark band in a single-slit diffraction pattern, the path lengths of selected pairs of wavelets differ by a. one wavelength. b. more than one wavelength. c. one-half wavelength. d. less than half of one wavelength.

39. At the first dark band in a single-slit diffraction pattern, the path lengths of selected pairs of wavelets differ by a. one wavelength. b. more than one wavelength. c. one-half wavelength. d. less than half of one wavelength.

40. Which of the following is a device that produces an intense, nearly parallel beam of coherent light? a. spectroscope b. telescope. c. laser d. diffraction grating

41. Which of the following is a device that produces an intense, nearly parallel beam of coherent light? a. spectroscope b. telescope. c. laser d. diffraction grating

42. A repelling force occurs between two charged objects when a
A repelling force occurs between two charged objects when a. charges are of unlike signs. b. charges are of like signs. c. charges are of equal magnitude. d. charges are of unequal magnitude.

43. A repelling force occurs between two charged objects when a
A repelling force occurs between two charged objects when a. charges are of unlike signs. b. charges are of like signs. c. charges are of equal magnitude. d. charges are of unequal magnitude.

44. Which sentence best characterizes electric conductors. a
Which sentence best characterizes electric conductors? a. They have low mass density. b. They have high tensile strength c. They have electric charges that move freely. d. They are poor heat conductors.

45. Which sentence best characterizes electric conductors. a
Which sentence best characterizes electric conductors? a. They have low mass density. b. They have high tensile strength c. They have electric charges that move freely. d. They are poor heat conductors.

46. Which of the following is NOT true for BOTH gravitational and electric forces? a. The inverse square distance law applies. b. Forces are conservative. c. Potential energy is a function of distance of separation. d. Forces are either attractive or repulsive.

47. Which of the following is NOT true for BOTH gravitational and electric forces? a. The inverse square distance law applies. b. Forces are conservative. c. Potential energy is a function of distance of separation. d. Forces are either attractive or repulsive.

48. If a conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium, the electric field inside the conductor a. is directed inward. b. is directed outward. c. is at its maximum level. d. is zero.

49. If a conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium, the electric field inside the conductor a. is directed inward. b. is directed outward. c. is at its maximum level. d. is zero.

50. Two positive point charges are initially separated by a distance of 2 cm. If their separation is increased to 6 cm, the resultant electrical potential energy is equal to what factor times the initial electrical potential energy? a. 3 b. 9 c. 1/3 d. 1/9

51. Two positive point charges are initially separated by a distance of 2 cm. If their separation is increased to 6 cm, the resultant electrical potential energy is equal to what factor times the initial electrical potential energy? a. 3 b. 9 c. 1/3 d. 1/9

52. A uniform electric field with a magnitude of 500 N/C is directed parallel to the positive x-axis. If the potential at x = 5 m is 2500 V, what is the potential at x = 2 m? a V b V c V d V

53. A uniform electric field with a magnitude of 500 N/C is directed parallel to the positive x-axis. If the potential at x = 5 m is 2500 V, what is the potential at x = 2 m? a V b V c V d V

54. What will be the electric potential at a distance of 0
What will be the electric potential at a distance of 0.15 m from a point charge of 6.0 C? (kc = 8.99 x 109 N•m2/C2) a. 5.4 x 104 V b. 3.6 x 106 V c. 2.4 x 106 V d. 1.2 x 107 V

55. What will be the electric potential at a distance of 0
What will be the electric potential at a distance of 0.15 m from a point charge of 6.0 C? (kc = 8.99 x 109 N•m2/C2) a. 5.4 x 104 V b. 3.6 x 106 V c. 2.4 x 106 V d. 1.2 x 107 V

56. A 0. 25 F capacitor is connected to a 9. 0 V battery
A 0.25 F capacitor is connected to a 9.0 V battery. What is the charge on the capacitor? a. 1.2 x 10–12 C b. 2.2 x 10–6 C c. 2.8 x 10–8 C d. 3.6 x 10–7 C

57. A 0. 25 F capacitor is connected to a 9. 0 V battery
A 0.25 F capacitor is connected to a 9.0 V battery. What is the charge on the capacitor? a. 1.2 x 10–12 C b. 2.2 x 10–6 C c. 2.8 x 10–8 C d. 3.6 x 10–7 C

58. A wire carries a steady current of 0. 1 A over a period of 20 s
A wire carries a steady current of 0.1 A over a period of 20 s. What total charge moves through the wire in this time interval? a. 200 C b. 20 C c. 2 C d C

59. A wire carries a steady current of 0. 1 A over a period of 20 s
A wire carries a steady current of 0.1 A over a period of 20 s. What total charge moves through the wire in this time interval? a. 200 C b. 20 C c. 2 C d C

60. In alternating current, the motion of the charges a
In alternating current, the motion of the charges a. continuously changes in the forward and reverse directions. b. is equal to the speed of light. c. is greater than the speed of light. d. in the direction of the electric field.

61. In alternating current, the motion of the charges a
In alternating current, the motion of the charges a. continuously changes in the forward and reverse directions. b. is equal to the speed of light. c. is greater than the speed of light. d. in the direction of the electric field.

62. A light bulb has a resistance of 240  when operating at 120 V
A light bulb has a resistance of 240  when operating at 120 V. What is the current in the light bulb? a. 2.0 A c A b. 1.0 A d A

63. A light bulb has a resistance of 240  when operating at 120 V
A light bulb has a resistance of 240  when operating at 120 V. What is the current in the light bulb? a. 2.0 A c A b. 1.0 A d A

64. An electric toaster requires 1100 W at 110 V
An electric toaster requires 1100 W at 110 V. What is the resistance of the heating coil? a. 7.5  c. 1.0 x 101  b. 9.0  d. 11 

65. An electric toaster requires 1100 W at 110 V
An electric toaster requires 1100 W at 110 V. What is the resistance of the heating coil? a. 7.5  c. 1.0 x 101  b. 9.0  d. 11 

66. If the batteries in a portable CD player provide a terminal voltage of 12 V, what is the potential difference across the entire player? a. 3.0 V c. 6.0 V b. 4.0 V d. 12 V

67. If the batteries in a portable CD player provide a terminal voltage of 12 V, what is the potential difference across the entire player? a. 3.0 V c. 6.0 V b. 4.0 V d. 12 V

68. Three resistors with values of 3. 0 , 6
Three resistors with values of 3.0 , 6.0 , and 12  are connected in series. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination? a  c. 7.0  b. 1.7  d. 21 

69. Three resistors with values of 3. 0 , 6
Three resistors with values of 3.0 , 6.0 , and 12  are connected in series. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination? a  c. 7.0  b. 1.7  d. 21 

70. Three resistors connected in parallel carry currents labeled I1, I2, and I3. Which of the following expresses the total current It in the combined system? a. It = I1 + I2 + I3 b. It = (1/ I1 + 1/ I2 + 1/ I3) c. It = I1 = I2 = I3 d. It = (1/I1 + 1/ I2 + 1/ I3)–1

71. Three resistors connected in parallel carry currents labeled I1, I2, and I3. Which of the following expresses the total current It in the combined system? a. It = I1 + I2 + I3 b. It = (1/ I1 + 1/ I2 + 1/ I3) c. It = I1 = I2 = I3 d. It = (1/I1 + 1/ I2 + 1/ I3)–1

72. What is the equivalent resistance for the resistors in the figure above? a. 25  b. 1.0 x 101  c. 7.5  d. 5.0 

73. What is the equivalent resistance for the resistors in the figure above? a. 25  b. 1.0 x 101  c. 7.5  d. 5.0 

74. 37. How is the relationship between period and frequency represented as an equation?

75. T = 1/f or f = 1/T

76. 38. Which carries a sound wave more rapidly, a solid or a gas? Explain.

77. Solid, because it is denser.

78. 39. List two ways to increase the electrical potential energy that can be stored in a capacitor.

79. 1. Larger plates 2. Plates closer. together 3. Different dielectric 4
1. Larger plates 2. Plates closer together 3. Different dielectric 4. Increase voltage

80. 40. What is the energy of a photon whose frequency is 3. 0 x 1014 Hz
40. What is the energy of a photon whose frequency is 3.0 x 1014 Hz? (h = 6.63 x 10–34 J·s; 1 eV = 1.60 x J)

81. E = hf E = 6.63 x x 3 x 1014 E = 1.99 x J

82. 41. An object is placed along the principal axis of a thin converging lens that has a focal length of 39 cm. If the distance from the object to the lens is 51 cm, what is the distance from the image to the lens?

83. 1/f = 1/ do + 1/di
1/39 = 1/51 + 1/di
di = 166 cm

84. 4. Monochromatic light from a helium-neon laser (l = 632
4. Monochromatic light from a helium-neon laser (l = nm) shines at a right angle onto the surface of a diffraction grating that contains 630,692 lines/m. Find the angles at which one would observe the first-order and second-order maxima.

85. l = d sin q/m 632.8 X 10-9 = 1/(630,692) sinq/1 q = 23.5º

86. l = d sin q/m 632.8 X 10-9 = 1/(630,692) sinq/2 q = 53.0º

87. 43. What is the electric force between an electron and a proton that are separated by a distance of 1.0 x 10–10 m? (e = 1.60 x 10–19 C, kc = 8.99 x 109 N·m2/C2)

88. F = k q1 q2 / d2 F = (9 x 109)(1. 6 x 10-19)(-1. 6 x 10-19)/(1
F = k q1 q2 / d2 F = (9 x 109)(1.6 x 10-19)(-1.6 x 10-19)/(1.0 x 10–10 )2 F = -2.3 x 10-8 N The charges are opposite so the force is attractive.

89. 44. A hair dryer is connected across a 120 V outlet
44. A hair dryer is connected across a 120 V outlet. If the resistance of the hair dryer is 144 W, how much power is dissipated in the form of electromagnetic radiation and heat?

90. V = IR 120 = I x 144 I = 0.8333 A P = IV P = 0.8333 x 120 P = 100 W

91. 45. Three resistors with values of 16 W, 19 W, 25 W, respectively, are connected in parallel. What is their equivalent resistance?

92. 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 1/RT = 1/16 + 1/19 + 1/25 1/RT = 0. 0625 + 0
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 1/RT = 1/16 + 1/19 + 1/25 1/RT = /RT = RT = 6.45 Ω