1. Electricity and Magnetism Unit

2. What is an atom? A tiny building block of matter Electron: negative charge; can move freely between atoms Proton: positive charge Neutron: no charge A neutral atom has a balance of protons and electrons

4. Parts of an Atom Electrons are the smallest of the particles that make up an atom. They are found in shells that surround/orbit around the nucleus. The nucleus is the center of the atom. It is composed of protons and neutrons. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/atoms.htm

6. First 10 Elements – Properties & Examples Element (Symbol) Protons (+)Electrons (-)Neutrons (0)ExampleType of Matter Hydrogen (H)110Sun, Stars, Water Gas Helium (He)222BalloonsGas Lithium (Li)334Watch Batteries Solid Beryllium (Be) 445EmeraldsSolid Boron (B)556Heat-Resistant Glass Solid Carbon (C)666Plants and Animals Solid Nitrogen (N)777Atmosphere & Ammonia Gas Oxygen (O)888Air & WaterGas Fluorine (F)9910Toothpaste & Rocket Fuel Gas Neon (Ne)10 SignsGas http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_intro.html

7. Summary Atoms are tiny particles that make up all matter The nucleus is at the center of the atom and is made up of protons and neutrons Electrons circle around the nucleus When two or more atoms combine it’s called a molecule If the atoms that combine are all the same, it’s an element. If the atoms are different, it’s called a compound Review with BrainPop Atoms Periodic Table of Elements

8. What is Electricity? A form of energy that comes from the movement of electrons; electric energy Cause: the movement of electrons Static Electricity: the build up of electric charge on an object Static Discharge: the loss of electric charge http://www.physics4kids.com/files/elec_intro.html

9. How an Atom becomes charged… The atom itself has no charge – It is neutral Electron’s move freely between atoms An atom with more protons than electrons is positively charged An atom with more electrons than protons is negatively charged

10. Positive charge next to a Negative charge Objects with unlike charges pull together, attract – Example: clothes when they come out of the dryer with static cling

11. Lightening A very strong static discharge Lightning Safety – Go indoors right away – Don’t use the telephone or computer – If you can’t go indoors, stay away from high places and open fields – Stay away from water – Never go under a tree

12. During a lightning strike, electrons jump from cloud to the ground. BrainPop Thunderstorms

13. Current Electricity Current Electricity: the steady flow of electric charge; electric current – Example: anything plugged into walls or runs on batteries Conductors: a material through which current electricity passes easily (ex: metal) Insulators: a material through which current electricity does not pass easily (ex: nonmetal – glass, rubber, plastic, air)

14. Electric Circuits 3 Parts of an Electric Circuit 1.A source of electric charge, such as a battery 2.A device, such as a light bulb, that needs electric energy to work 3.Wire that links the source of charge and the device in a loop

15. Series Circuit A circuit that has only one path for electric current to flow. If you switch off one of the devices, the circuit is open and current will not flow.

16. Parallel Circuit A circuit that has more than one path for electric current to flow. (ex: house wiring)

17. Review with: Magic School Bus Season 4 Episode 9 BrainPop Current Electricity Electric Circuits Static Electricity

18. Magnet: an object that attracts the metals iron, cobalt, and nickel Magnetism: the force of a magnet Magnetic field: the area around a magnet where its magnetism acts Electromagnet: a temporary magnet made when electric current flows through a wire coil wrapped around an iron or steel core

19. BrainPop Electromagnets

20. Energy Resources Generators: a machine that uses motion energy to make electric current How a generator works: – Motion energy from a turbine turns a wire coil – The wire coil spins within a magnetic field – As the coil spins, electric current is made – Electric current moves to metal rings – The rings spin against brushes – Electricity moves from the brushes to wires – The wires carry electric energy away to the places where it will be used

21. Fossil fuels: a fuel that formed over millions of years from the buried remains of plants and animals; coal, oil, and natural gas Nonrenewable resource: an energy resource that cannot be replaced easily once it is used up Renewable resource: an energy resource that can be replaced easily or cannot be used up BrainPop Fossil Fuels Natural Resources