1. Deltamethrin & Aerial Mosquito Adulticiding Registration Process for Thessaloniki, Greece Alexandra Chaskopoulou -University of Florida Andreas Thrasivoulou - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Javid Kashefi - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Thessaloniki, Greece Mark Latham - Manatee County Mosquito Control, Florida Philip Koehler – University of Florida

2. Thessaloniki 2 million people Aegean Sea 50,000 acres of rice-fields 23,000 acres of natural wetlands

3. Mosquito Control Thessaloniki, GR Only currently approved method is larviciding –90% by air, 10% by ground –Temephos is no longer available Larviciding operations insufficient –A single CDC traps catches ~ 15,000-30,000 mosquitoes/night (summers 2008-2009) Need for adulticiding as a supplementary method –Development of aerial adulticiding in Greece

4. Mosquito nuisance resulting from inadequate control methods…

5. Adulticiding is needed A successful mosquito control program is an Integrated Mosquito Management Program (more than one control method) Greece, and all 27 member states of the EU have their own existing registration requirements and function independently –Transitional phase Regulations in the EU are being harmonized under the Biocidal Products Directive Pan-European legislation is being incorporated into the national law of each Member State Adulticiding had to be proven to be safe and effective for registration in Greece

6. Timeline 2006/2007 Adulticiding idea was conceived Funding acquired from Development Agencies & Municipalities of northern Greece Cooperation of US experts in academia & industry Transferred & modified aerial adulticiding technologies from U.S. to Greece

7. Timeline 2008 EU Industry identified & provided proper formulations specific to adulticide applications (Pyrethroids: i.e. Deltamethrin) BPD-supported PT18 insecticides for outdoor spraying Experiment permits issued by the Greek ministries First experiments towards registration, spring/summer 2008 Efficacy data (identification of proper dose) Non-target data (aquatic organisms) 2009  Continuation of experimentation, spring/summer 2009  More replicates to strengthen data  Non-target data (terrestrial organisms, i.e. bees & other beneficial insects)

8. To be able to implement a successful project… Cooperative project Mosquito control Applicators - ASNF Professionals & University Scientists from US & Greece EU Pesticide Manufacturing Industry Greek Development agencies & municipalities- Funding Source Regulatory authorities of Greece -Ministry of Agriculture -Ministry of Public Health

9. Technologies for precise and controlled applications Turbine helicopter Real time weather probe Electric rotary atomiser GPS Bilanin et al. 1989 AGDISP Spray-Fate Computer Model

10. Recorded & Precise Application 2008/9 Experimentation Towards Registration Cups – deionized water Aquatic non-targets 3mm slide spinner Caged mosquitoes Uniform efficacy on caged and wild mosquitoes Zero or non-significant mortality on non-targets Uniform coverage of spray droplets on spinning slides Terrestrial non-targets Bees

11. Deltamethrin: Caged Mosquito Mortalities %Mortality 74a 68b 2c 2008 trials 0 ml/ha50 ml/ha %Mortality 84.04a 9.83b 2009 trials

12. Deltamethrin: Wild Mosquito Mortality 2008 17b 61a 79a BeforeAfter Up to 90%

13. Deltamethrin: Wild Mosquito Mortality 2009 88%73% 64%

14. BEFORE: Hundreds of mosquitoes!!!!

15. 15 min after deltamethrin treatment: Almost no mosquitoes!

16. Before: Hundreds of mosquitoes!

17. 15 min after deltamethrin treatment: Almost no mosquitoes!

18. Effects on Beneficial Insects Chrysoperla Cryptolaemous Deltamethrin

19. Bee Mortality & Presence of Black shiny Bees Natural Daily Mortality No shiny bees

20. Summary/Conclusions Precise and recorded application Caged mosquito mortalities –75-85 % Wild mosquito mortalities –Up to 90 % Non-target effects –0 % or non-significant non-target mortalities BeforeAfter

21. Summary/Conclusions Greek regulations –Precision aerial application was shown to be acceptable –Research currently under review by the ministries –Anticipated product/method registration in 2010

22. Acknowledgments US Consulate General, Thessaloniki Greece USDA-ARS Greek Ministries of Agriculture & Public Health Counties, Municipalities & Development Agencies of Greece ASNF Air Application Company Bayer Crop Science Sumitomo Chemical Thank you