1. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 1 of 19 Objectives Distinguish between the two types of diabetes. Describe how allergies and asthma affect the body. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Identify the symptoms of arthritis.

2. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 2 of 19 Diabetes (dy uh BEE teez) is a disease in which the body’s ability to use glucose (blood sugar) is impaired. Diabetes Diabetes involves insulin (IN suh lin), a hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates body cells to take up and use blood sugar. If not controlled, diabetes can be life-threatening. People with diabetes are also at risk for heart disease stroke kidney disease blindness infections requiring amputation complications during pregnancy

3. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 3 of 19 A person with type 1 diabetes produces little or no insulin. Type 1 Diabetes Without insulin, glucose levels in the blood remain high. Symptoms include thirst frequent urination nausea hunger fatigue weight loss

4. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 4 of 19 People with type 2 diabetes produce sufficient insulin, but their body cells do not respond normally to insulin. Type 2 Diabetes As with type 1 diabetes, the result is a high level of glucose in the blood. Symptoms are the same as for type 1 diabetes, but also include drowsiness itching blurred vision numbness in the hands or feet frequent, hard to heal infections Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include a family history of diabetes, being overweight, and a lack of physical activity.

5. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 5 of 19

6. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 6 of 19 An allergy is a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a particular substance not normally found in the body. Allergies and Asthma One type of allergic reaction can lead to a condition called asthma.

7. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 7 of 19 Allergies develop when foreign substances enter the body and set off a series of reactions. Causes of Allergies Any substance that causes an allergy is called an allergen. The immune system’s overly sensitive response to an allergen causes large quantities of a chemical called histamine (HIS tuh meen) to be released. Histamine is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy, such as sneezing and watery eyes.

8. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 8 of 19 Click above to go online. For: Updates on allergies

9. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 9 of 19 Asthma is a disorder in which a person’s respiratory passages become inflamed and narrow significantly in reaction to certain “triggers.” Asthma Asthma attacks can be triggered by many things, including certain allergens stress cold weather tobacco smoke exercise During an attack, a person may wheeze, cough, or become short of breath.

10. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 10 of 19 Bronchus Lung An Asthma Attack

11. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 11 of 19 Managing asthma involves avoiding the triggers that bring on asthma attacks. Managing Asthma It may also involve the use of medicines. One medicine, called a “controller,” is taken on a daily basis to prevent asthma attacks from occurring. Another medicine, called a “rescue drug,” is taken when someone has an asthma attack. Rescue drugs relax the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe.

12. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 12 of 19 Inflammation or irritation of a joint is known as arthritis (ahr THRY tis). Arthritis Arthritis is not life-threatening, but it can be extremely painful and disabling. Arthritis results in joint stiffness, joint pain, or swelling in one or more joints. There is no cure for most types of arthritis.

13. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 13 of 19 The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (ahs tee oh ahr THRY tis). Osteoarthritis This form of arthritis is caused by wear and tear on a joint after years of use or by repeated injuries to a joint. Osteoarthritis can occur in almost any joint, but most commonly occurs in hips, knees, spine, and fingers. Treatment for osteoarthritis may involve drugs, heat and cold treatments, and exercise.

14. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 14 of 19 In rheumatoid arthritis (ROO muh toyd), the membrane surrounding a joint becomes inflamed. Rheumatoid Arthritis The inflammation then spreads to other areas of the joint. Any joint in the body may be affected by rheumatoid arthritis, although joints in the wrist and knuckles are most commonly affected. Treatment includes aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise, and rest.

15. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 15 of 19

16. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 16 of 19 Vocabulary diabetesA disease in which the body’s ability to use glucose (blood sugar) is impaired. insulinA hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates body cells to take up and use blood sugar. allergyA disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a particular substance not normally found in the body. allergenAny substance that causes an allergy.

17. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 17 of 19 Vocabulary histamineThe chemical responsible for the symptoms of an allergy. arthritisInflammation or irritation of a joint. osteoarthritisA common form of arthritis that is caused by wear and tear on a joint or by repeated injuries to a joint. rheumatoid arthritis A form of arthritis in which the membrane surrounding a joint becomes inflamed; the inflammation then spreads to other areas of the joint.

18. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 18 of 19 QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

19. Section 23.3 Other Chronic Diseases Slide 19 of 19 End of Section 23.3 Click on this slide to end this presentation.