1. Periodic Table of the Elements: Chemistry Notes November 13 th, 2008

2. Somebody had spare time:  Who? Dmitri Mendeleev (1870) arranged the 65 elements (known at the time) in order of increasing atomic mass.

3. Mendeleev’s Discovery  Periodic Law: When arranged by atomic mass, the elements exhibit a periodic recurrence of similar properties.

4. Organized? Really?  The periodic table is arranged in groups (up & down)  and periods (across).

5. Periodic Patterns in Main Group Elements:  Okay, so the first one isn’t a “periodic” pattern…  Hydrogen:  The simplest element  Free hydrogen is rare, most is bonded to O in H 2 O  Because of it’s size, H’s behavior is unique  Please color (neatly) Hydrogen white.  Please color (neatly) Hydrogen white.

6.  Soft metals  Low mp (for metals)  Reactive (increasing as you move down the family)  Will react in water to form a 1:1 ratio of metal ion to hydroxide ion (OH - )  Please nicely color these blue Group IA: Alkali Metals

7. Group IIA: Alkaline Earth Metals  Hard metals  High mp  Low reactivity at room temp.  Reacts with water to form a 1:2 ratio of metal ion to hydroxide ion.  Please color (again neatly) these green

8. Group VIIIA: Noble Gases  Non-metal…all gases.  Extremely low mp & bp…thus, they’re gases  Non-reactive (inert)  Please neatly color the Noble Gases red

9. Group VIIA: Halogens  Non-metals  Very low mp & bp  Extremely reactive (reactivity decreases as you move DOWN the group).  Will react with alkali metals in a 1:1 ratio.  Please color the halogens yellow

10. Nonmetal vs. Metal  There is a ‘staircase’ division between metals and nonmetals.   It starts between B and Al   And zig-zags down to the border between Po & At. (over-1 down-1, over-1 down-1)  Some along this line are called metalloids. (I’ll talk about them later)  Please outline this line in black.

11. Transition Metals  Will all form positive ions  Conduct electricity and heat VERY well  Are malleable (can be hammered into sheets)  Are ductile (can be drawn out into wires)  Please color the transition metals purple (from Sc to Ga, Y to Sn, and La to Bi)

12. Metalloids  The elements along the ‘zig-zag’ line that separate metals from non-metals are known as metalloids or semimetals.  They share properties with both metals and non-metals.  This would include the following: Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and Po  Please color them in orange.

13. Make Room For More  At the bottom of every periodic table are two rows of “Inner Transition Metals”  The Lanthanide & Actinide Series’  Please color these brown.

14. You know about metals…  Nonmetals are exactly the opposite from metals.  They are GOOD insulators (don’t conduct heat or electricity)  They are brittle (hammer them and they’ll break)  Most form negative ions (but some, like carbon, are weird).  Most form negative ions (but some, like carbon, are weird).