1. Biochemistry Notes

2. Elements and Atoms Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.

3. Atoms The center of an atom is called the nucleus. Consists of three subatomic particles called: Protons: positive charge Neutrons: neutral/no charge Electrons: negative charge 1st level can hold 2 electrons 2nd level can hold 8 electrons 3rd level can hold 8 electrons

4. Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Atomic Number: Protons Symbol Element Atomic Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons (Nucleus) QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??

5. Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Protons + Neutrons Protons = Electrons In a neutral atom

6. Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 12 24-12 = 12 12 Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

7. Bonding The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalent bonding. (2 nonmetals)

8. Periodic Table

9. Bonding

10. The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal) http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0904.htm

11. Bonding

13. Organic vs. Inorganic Notes

14. Chemical Equations CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O Products Reactants LIGHT ENERGY CO 2 + H 2 O + LIGHT ENERGY  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Equation for Photosynthesis 666

15. Inorganic Substances Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7. Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of 7-14. Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine. NotContaining Carbon HCl H 2 SO 4 NaOH KOH NaCl MgCl 2

17. Organic Substances Molecule that is found in living systems; contains carbon; usually in rings or long chains

18. Organic Substances Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars (saccharides)

19. Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides

20. Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least 1 fatty acid

21. Proteins: made up of amino acids

22. Inorganic Acid Base Salt Organic Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid