2. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 1 1 Devon M. Simmonds Ethics & Presentations … Slides compiled from various sources including: 1.LINK1LINK1 2.LINK2LINK2 3.Course text

3. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 2 Outline Research ethics & Plagiarism Making presentations

4. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 3 The Paper Writing Process A partial state model

5. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 4 Research Ethics SOURCE: LINK LINK Plagiarism Authorship Confidentiality and conflict of interest Ethics checklist

6. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 5 Plagiarism is the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others without appropriate acknowledgment (as your own). What is plagiarism? SOURCE: LINK LINK

7. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 6 Plagiarism: Key Motivations SOURCE: LINK LINK Science is built on trust Each published work is expected to make an original contribution

8. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 7 Plagiarism: Misjudgment SOURCE: LINK LINK Author is unaware of appropriate academic practice Inappropriate or inadequate citation (see chapter 13 of Zobel)

9. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 8 Plagiarism: Misrepresentation SOURCE: LINK LINK A research publication does not accurately reflect the research results A research publication does not accurately reflect the contribution made by previous research Quietly correcting online publications Misrepresentation = fraud

10. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 9 Plagiarism: Role of Intent Intentional – Copying a friend’s work – Buying or borrowing papers – Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting – Media “borrowing”without documentation – Web publishing without permissions of creators Unintentional – Careless paraphrasing – Poor documentation – Quoting excessively – Failure to use your own “voice” SOURCE: LINK LINK

11. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 10 Real life consequences: Damaged the reputation of two prominent historians, Stephen Ambrose and Doris Kearns Goodwin, – Kearns left television position and stepped down as Pulitzer Prize judge for “lifting” 50 passages for her 1987 book The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys (Lewis) Senator Joseph Biden dropped his 1987 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. (Sabato) – Copied in law school and borrowed from campaign speeches of Robert Kennedy Boston Globe journalist Mike Barnicle forced to resign for plagiarism in his columns (“Boston Columnist...”) Probe of plagiarism at UVA--45 students dismissed, 3 graduate degrees revoked – CNN Article AP. 26 Nov. 2001 CNN Article – Channel One Article AP. 27 Nov. 2002 Channel One Article SOURCE: LINK LINK

12. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 11 Real life consequences: New York Times senior reporter Jayson Blair forced to resign after being accused of plagiarism and fraud. “The newspaper said at least 36 of the 73 articles he had written had problems with accuracy, calling the deception a "low point" in the newspaper's history.” “New York Times Exposes Fraud of Own Reporter.” ABC News Online. 12 May, 2003. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html SOURCE: LINK LINK

13. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 12 Authorship Whose name should be listed on a paper Each author must have made some contribution Ordering?

14. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 13 Confidentiality and Conflict of Interest

15. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 14 An Ethics Checklist SOURCE: LINK LINK See pp. 224 of Zobel

16. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 15 Summary

17. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 16 Making Presentations

18. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 17 Tips to be Covered Outlines Slide Structure Fonts Colour Background Graphs Spelling and Grammar Conclusions Questions

19. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 18 Outline Make your 1 st or 2 nd slide an outline of your presentation – Ex: previous slide Follow the order of your outline for the rest of the presentation Only place main points on the outline slide – Ex: Use the titles of each slide as main points

20. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 19 Slide Structure – Good Use 1-2 slides per minute of your presentation Write in point form, not complete sentences Include 4-5 points per slide Avoid wordiness: use key words and phrases only

21. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 20 Slide Structure - Bad This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.

22. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 21 Slide Structure – Good Show one point at a time: – Will help audience concentrate on what you are saying – Will prevent audience from reading ahead – Will help you keep your presentation focused

23. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 22 Slide Structure - Bad Do not use distracting animation Do not go overboard with the animation Be consistent with the animation that you use

24. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 23 Fonts - Good Use at least an 18-point font Use different size fonts for main points and secondary points – this font is 24-point, the main point font is 28-point, and the title font is 36-point Use a standard font like Times New Roman or Arial

25. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 24 Fonts - Bad If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ Don’t use a complicated font

26. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 25 Colour - Good Use a colour of font that contrasts sharply with the background – Ex: blue font on white background Use colour to reinforce the logic of your structure – Ex: light blue title and dark blue text Use colour to emphasize a point – But only use this occasionally

27. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 26 Colour - Bad Using a font colour that does not contrast with the background colour is hard to read Using colour for decoration is distracting and annoying. Using a different colour for each point is unnecessary – Using a different colour for secondary points is also unnecessary Trying to be creative can also be bad

28. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 27 Background - Good Use backgrounds such as this one that are attractive but simple Use backgrounds which are light Use the same background consistently throughout your presentation

29. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 28 Background – Bad Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from Always be consistent with the background that you use

30. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 29 Graphs - Good Use graphs rather than just charts and words – Data in graphs is easier to comprehend & retain than is raw data – Trends are easier to visualize in graph form Always title your graphs

31. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 30 Graphs - Bad

32. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 31 Graphs - Good

33. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 32 Graphs - Bad Title is missing Font is too small & Colours are illogical Minor gridlines are unnecessary & Shading is distracting

34. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 33 Spelling and Grammar Proof your slides for: – speling mistakes – the use of of repeated words – grammatical errors you might have make If English is not your first language, please have someone else check your presentation!

35. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 34 To make a slide stand out, change the font and/or background

36. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 35 Conclusion Use an effective and strong closing – Your audience is likely to remember your last words Use a conclusion slide to: – Summarize the main points of your presentation – Suggest future avenues of research

37. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 36 Questions?? End your presentation with a simple question slide to: – Invite your audience to ask questions – Provide a visual aid during question period – Avoid ending a presentation abruptly

38. Devon M. Simmonds Computer Science Department, CSC550 37 37 This course is about ethical issues surrounding the use of cybertechnologies. This is a class about writing. In this session we covered – Research ethics & rules for making good presentations Next class – Introduction to Ethical Theories SU MM AR Y