1. A story of class-ism, guilt, and poverty
Crime and Punishment
A story of class-ism, guilt, and poverty

2. Russia 1825-1870 Part of Europe/ vast areas of land
By the middle of the 19th c, the population was 70 million
250,000 were noble men who owned land/serfs
They collected taxes, recruited serfs for the army, served as government officials and officers in the army
Noblemen inherited their land or received it from the czar for services rendered
They traveled, played sports, managed their lands
THEY DID NOT WORK FOR A LVING

3. The Middle Class The middle class was small compared to the serfs
The middle class all worked for a living
Lawyers, doctors, business men, trades
Most led a good life
Many owned land or property

4. Serfs Serfs were ¾ of the population
½ serfs were owned by the government
½ by the land owners
Russian landowners could sell their serfs, mortgage them, send them to war or exile
Most serfs farmed the land
When the industrial revolution hit Russia, landowners set up factories and used serfs as free labor
Landowners would increase their workforce by buying up whole villages
The serfs were emancipated in 1861 and then became the lower class

5. You were born into your class
You NEVER left your class
Class was based on money, land, and power

6. The Russian Orthodox Church was the state church
It was like the Roman Catholic Church with some variations
Most people belonged to the church

7. 19th century Russia was an autocracy
The Divine Right of Kings
Not subject to laws of the land
Maker of all laws
No civil rights
Alexander I
Nicholas I
Alexander II

8. The Intelligentsia The Enlightenment
The thinkers of any country:
philosophy, politics, literature.
They laid the foundations for revolutionary ideas.
They wanted to reform the government, but not necessarily serve in it. They applied rational thought in social, economic, and political structures

9. The Westerners Loyal to Russia Wanted reform
Wanted Russia to be more European
Wanted capitalism
Wanted to do away with old Russian traditions
Were not particularly religious

10. The Slavophiles
Believed the Russian Orthodox Church was better than Roman Catholic Church
Believed in the ways of the czars
Believed in the class structure
Believed in the contributions of the simple Russian peasant
Status Quo is fine

11. Russian Class Structure
Royalty
Upper class
Middle class
Lower class
Serfs: emancipated by Alexander II in 1861, so serfs became the lower classes when freed

12. Fyodor Dostoevsky
Father was a violent alcoholic/killed by serfs and an army surgeon/rigorous discipline/ upper class
Dostoevsky loved his mother
D married twice
D had poor health/epilepsy/died of emphysema
A chronic gambler
Read the classics
Impetuous
anti-German
anti-Semite
anti-Pole
anti-socialist

13. Dostoevsky…..the philosopher
Influenced by Russian romanticism
Studied French socialist theories
Became a Christian/atheistic socialist by the mid 40’s
Enemy of Turgenev (nihilism)
Influenced by Belinsky
Influenced by Speshnyov
Influenced by Gogol
Influenced by Pushkin
Influenced by Tolstoy

14. Dostoevsky….the reformer/
Radical minorities were springing up all over Europe by 1848
1849 D gives a private reading to Gogol
D is arrested April 22-23
Condemned to death by Nickolas I
scaffold was built for D
Sentence to 8 years in the penal colony in Onsk
Served 4 years
Wrote a short story on Marmeladov that became the core of C&P
      “Love a man, even in his sin, for that love is a likeness of the divine love, and is the summit of love on earth”
 Fyodor Dostoyevsky
      “If you want to be respected by others the great thing is to respect yourself. Only by that, only by self-respect will you compel others to respect you.”
 Fyodor Dostoyevsky  
      “Much unhappiness has come into the world because of bewilderment and things left unsaid.”
      “If God does not exist, then everything is permitted”
      “It is not the brains that matter most, but that which guides them --       “The secret of man's being is not only to live but to have something to live for.”
 Fyodor Dostoyevsky   
                        

15. Dostoevsky…. the writer, the poet
Crime and Punishment 1866
A Russian masterpiece
Written for a serial publication
D saw himself as a psychological novelist
D identified with Rascolnikov: “an unawakened man enters the moral universe through his crime”
D planned the novel in 1st person narration
D comments on Russia’s values, poverty, drunkenness, roles of women and urban class structure

16. “The S& R themes” The Christian/Judaic themes
Suffering
confession
Repentance
Retribution
Salvation
redemption
resurrection