1. 1 Problem Areas in Construction Safety CH 4: Problem Areas in Construction Safety Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Civil Engineering Department Lecture 6 - Week 4 2 nd Semester 2008/2009 UP Copyrights 2009 Construction Safety Management Eng: Eyad Haddad

2. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety2 No worker expects to be injured

3. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety3 Introduction Construction Industry holds a big share of injuries and fatalities among other industries. Construction Industry holds a big share of injuries and fatalities among other industries. Focusing on the root causes of injuries is an important way of improving safety performance. Focusing on the root causes of injuries is an important way of improving safety performance.

4. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety4 Problem Areas It is strongly emphasized that Fall Prevention steps must be taken. It is strongly emphasized that Fall Prevention steps must be taken. Electrical shock is of importance as well Electrical shock is of importance as well

5. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety5 Figure 5.1 Distribution of Construction Fatalities (1985 – 1989) Distribution of Construction Fatalities (1985 – 1989) Distribution of Construction Fatalities (1985 – 1989)

6. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety6 Problem Regulations Table 5.1 shows Ranking of OSHA Paragraphs with the Largest Number of Violations. Table 5.1 shows Ranking of OSHA Paragraphs with the Largest Number of Violations. 69% of high penalty citations are attributable to the standards in the standards list. 69% of high penalty citations are attributable to the standards in the standards list.

7. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety7

8. 8 Standards ( more than 5 high-penalty citations for the three years combined( 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems (excavations) 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems (excavations) 5A.001 General duty clause of the OSH Act. 5A.001 General duty clause of the OSH Act. 1926.21 Safety training and education. 1926.21 Safety training and education. 1926.551 Specific excavation requirements. 1926.551 Specific excavation requirements. etc ….. etc …..

9. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety9 …Continue OSHA is a Construction Community not a police agency OSHA is a Construction Community not a police agency Number of citations for willful violations increased dramatically over years. (222) Number of citations for willful violations increased dramatically over years. (222) The author shows figures and facts … The author shows figures and facts …

10. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety10 …Continue Willful violations generally result in high penalties. Willful violations generally result in high penalties. Standards associated with more than 5 willful citations 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems (excavations) 5A.001 General duty clause of the OSH Act 1926.652 Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators

11. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety11 …Continue 1926.950 (general requirements for power transmission and distribution) is the only standard listed in high-penalty violations but not in willful violation. 1926.950 (general requirements for power transmission and distribution) is the only standard listed in high-penalty violations but not in willful violation.

12. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety12 …Continue IMIS: Integrated Management Information System, is the database where worker fatalities are recorded in OSHA IMIS: Integrated Management Information System, is the database where worker fatalities are recorded in OSHA Causes of most construction accidents as in Figure 5.1 Causes of most construction accidents as in Figure 5.1Figure 5.1Figure 5.1

13. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety13 Table 5.2 Frequency of Occurrence (%) 1985-89 OSHA Study 199019851980 Event Type 3339.636.634.8Falls 2229.527.918.8 Struck by 0002.5 Struck against 189.313.316.0 Caught in/between 1716.917.119.7 Electrical Shock 104.75.18.2Other Frequency of Occurrence of different Causes of Fatalities

14. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety14 Types of Falls Evaluation of specific causes of 508 falls reported 10 types of falls as: Evaluation of specific causes of 508 falls reported 10 types of falls as: (68% of falls, and first 5 are 45% of the 10) (68% of falls, and first 5 are 45% of the 10) 1. Off roof 2. In scaffolding collapse 3. Off scaffolding 4. In structure collapse 5. Through floor opening The other five types are (6. off ladder/ 7. off structure/ 8. through roof opening/ 9. of edge of open floor/ 10. of beam support)

15. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety15 …Continue Height of falls was also examined. Height of falls was also examined. Low Height does not mean Safety!!! Low Height does not mean Safety!!!

16. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety16 Struck-by After falls, the most common cause of fatalities was being struck. The specific circumstance of the struck-by incidents can be ranked as follows: Worker struck by falling object Worker struck by falling object Worker run over by heavy equipment Worker run over by heavy equipment Worker struck by crane, boom, or load Worker struck by crane, boom, or load Worker run over by private vehicle Worker run over by private vehicle Worker struck in trench cave-in Worker struck in trench cave-in 70% of struck-by fatalities

17. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety17 Trench cave-in Trench cave-in Worker caught between pieces of heavy equipment Worker caught between pieces of heavy equipment Overturning of heavy equipment or machinery Overturning of heavy equipment or machinery Worker caught in moving part of heavy equipment Worker caught in moving part of heavy equipment 62% of caught in/btw fatalities Caught in/between

18. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety18 Electrical shock Direct contact with live wire Direct contact with live wire Contact with crane boom with power line Contact with crane boom with power line Contact of materials with power line Contact of materials with power line Contact of ladder with power line Contact of ladder with power line 45% of electrocution fatalities

19. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety19 Other Toxic gas or lack of Oxygen Toxic gas or lack of Oxygen Poor personal health Poor personal health Fire Fire Drowning Drowning 73% of other fatalities

20. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety20 The Focus of OSHA Inspections The sources or causes of fatalities and serious injuries should be understood by employer The sources or causes of fatalities and serious injuries should be understood by employer Employers should be committed to avoiding circumstances that place their workers at risk Employers should be committed to avoiding circumstances that place their workers at risk

21. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety21 Final comments: Detailed analysis of data recorded by OSHA provided information about sources of citations and its causes. Detailed analysis of data recorded by OSHA provided information about sources of citations and its causes. Cranes, hoists, and elevators, scaffold design are clearly areas in which employers have been deficient. Cranes, hoists, and elevators, scaffold design are clearly areas in which employers have been deficient. Falls are the signal most common cause of fatalities according to IMIS data Falls are the signal most common cause of fatalities according to IMIS data (Integrate Management Information System). They are followed by struck-by incidents, caught-in between causes, electrocutions They are followed by struck-by incidents, caught-in between causes, electrocutions

22. 4 Problem Areas in construction Safety22 Thank you for your Safety