1. Cells

2. The Discovery of Cells
Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in He looked at thin slices of cork through a light microscope.

3. Cell Theory Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells arise from existing cells

4. Prokaryotic Cells Very simple Always unicellular
No membrane-bound nucleus (That means there is not a membrane around the DNA)
No membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

6. Eukaryotic Cells Complex Cell Structure Membrane-bound nucleus
Membrane-bound Organelles
Plants & animals

7. Animal Cell

8. Plant Cell

9. Inside the cells are organelles

10. Organelles Found In BOTH plant and animal cells:

11. Nucleus Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane
Contains DNA
Controls cell
functions

12. Nucleus

13. Nucleus

14. Nucleolus
Located in the nucleus
Synthesizes
ribosomes

15. Nucleolus

16. Nucleolus

17. Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Made of protein and RNA

18. Ribosomes

19. Ribosomes

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membrane where chemical reactions take place.
Rough ER – covered with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis. Located next to the nucleus.
Smooth ER – not covered with ribosomes. Site of lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.

21. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

22. Rough ER

23. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

24. Mitochondria Converts stored energy (ATP) into cellular energy
Has it’s own DNA

25. Mitochondria

26. Mitochondria

27. Golgi Apparatus Stores macromolecules until they are needed
by the cell.

28. Golgi Apparatus (AKA Golgi Complex, Golgi Bodies)

29. Golgi Apparatus

30. Cytoskeleton Network of protein fibers Helps give the cell structure.
Involved in transport of organelles around the cell

31. Cytoskeleton

32. Cytoskeleton

33. Cell membrane Double layer of phospholipids
Controls what enters and leaves
the cell

34. Cell Membrane Also called plasma membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Hydrophilic heads face out
Hydrophobic tails face in

36. Cell membrane

37. Organelles Found ONLY In plant cells:

38. Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis

39. Chloroplasts

40. Cell Wall
Gives the cell structure
and support

41. Central Vacuole Often the largest structure in a plant cell
Contains water
and organics
Helps keep the
cell rigid (maintains turgor pressure)

42. Central Vacuole

43. Organelles Found ONLY In animal cells:

44. Centrioles
Involved in
cell division

45. Centrioles

46. Lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes.

47. Structures used by unicellular organisms for movement:

48. Cilia

49. Lung Tissue

50. Flagella

53. RIBOSOME
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
MITOCHONDRIA
GOLGI
APPARATUS
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM