1. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Chapter 7: Forests Forests as Multiple-Use Resources –Forests as Fiber Resources –Nonfiber Uses of Forest Resources Deforestation and Reforestation

2. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Forest Types Figure 7.1: Current distribution of forests in the world.

3. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Forests as Fiber Resources Principles of Sustainable Forestry Forest Management Forest Products Technology

4. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Forest Harvesting Sustainable Yield Figure 7.2(a): Changes in age distribution in a forest harvested at a rate of 1/n. After n years, replacement trees have matured, and can continue to be harvested.

5. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Figure 7.2(b): Changes in age distribution in a forest harvested at a rate of 2/n. After n/2 years, no mature trees remain. Forest Harvesting Unsustainable Yield

6. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Forest Harvest Techniques Chipping Clearcutting Selective Cutting Shelterwood Cutting

7. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Forest Products Technology Uses of Wood Impacts on Timber Requirements

8. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Forest Product Trends Figure 7.3: Trends in world forest production reflect increased reliance on smaller-diameter trees.

9. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Nonfiber Uses of Forest Resources Habitat Water Resources Recreation Carbon Storage The Role of Fire

10. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Deforestation and Reforestation: Three Examples The Amazon Forest The Siberian Forest The U.S. Forestland

11. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Amazon Forest Clearing Figure 7.6: Clearing a tropical rain forest in the Amazon.

12. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Amazon Deforestation Rates Figure 7.7: Gross deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon. Between 1977 and 1998, forest was cleared at an average annual rate of 18,860 km 2.

13. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 U.S. Forestlands Figure 7.8: Forestlands are concentrated in the East, Southeast, Pacific Northwest, and Alaska.

14. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 U.S. Forestland Types Figure 7.9: Spatial distribution of commercial hardwood and softwood forests.

15. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 U.S. Commercial Forest Ownership Figure 7.10: Comparison of ownership by Federal Government, forest, industry, and other private owners.

16. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 U.S. Standing Hardwoods Figure 7.11: Standing hardwood sawtimber, 1953-1997.

17. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 U.S. Standing Softwoods Figure 7.11: Standing softwood sawtimber, 1953-1997.

18. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 Pacific Northwest Timber Sizes Figure 7.12: Size distribution of standing sawtimber. The largest size class declined by almost 50 percent between 1953 and 1987, and then recovered slightly.

19. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003 ISSUES 7.1: Chipko: Grass-Roots Environmentalism, or a Struggle for Economic Development? 7.2: The Pacific Lumber Saga