1. Cells Theory, Structure, Function

2. What is a Cell? The smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life

4. Robert Hooke 1665 Cork Cells “A lot of little boxes” Dead Cells

6. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1673 Hand lens First live cells

8. Schleiden 1838 observed that plants are composed of cells

10. Schwann 1839 observed that all animals are composed of cells Yes humans are animals

11. Virchow 1858 observed that cells come from other cells (reproduction)

12. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. The basic unit of structure and function within an organism is the cell. 3. All cells arise from existing cells.

13. Create a Timeline Must include: Accurate time increments 4 Pictures Descriptions of each scientist accomplishment Schleiden HookeSchwann Van LeeuwenhoekVirchow

14. What is a Prokaryote? An organism that lacks a nucleus Lacks other membrane bound organelles Ex. Bacteria

15. What is a eukaryote? Organism that has a well defined nucleus Contains membrane-bound organelles Some Specialized cells can function without a nucleus, Ex. Red blood cells Ex. Plants, Fungi, Animals, Humans

16. Create a T-Chart With your shoulder partner create a T- chart that state the Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes 1. 2. 3.

17. What are the two types of organisms? Unicellular – a complete living organism that consists of only one cell Examples – bacteria Multicellular – a living organism consisting of more then one cell Examples – animals, plants

18. Level of Organization Cell  tissue  Organ  Organs system  Organism

19. What is an organelle? A cell component that performs specific functions Example – nucleus, cell membrane

20. Cell Membrane The outer boundary of the cell Gives shape and flexibility to the cell Is semi-permeable Security guard

21. Mitochondria Breaks down food molecules and releases energy in the form of ATP Battery/Generator

22. Chloroplast Only found in Plants Green Site of Photosynthesis

23. Golgi Apparatus Receives proteins from ER and chemically modifies them Processes, packages, and secretes cell products Uses vesicles for transport UPS

24. Ribosomes The site of protein synthesis Can be attached to the ER or float loose in the cell Line workers

25. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER with ribosomes Smooth ER w/out ribosomes Prepares proteins for export breaks down toxic substances; Can be rough or smooth

26. Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes Digests and rids the cell of waste Prevents bacteria and viruses from invading Performs: Program Cell Death

27. Nucleus The cells brain Contains chromosomes (DNA) Involved in protein synthesis Boss/Manager

28. Nucleolus The nucleolus is within the nucleus. ribosome RNA are synthesized

29. Cell Wall Only in plant cells Thicker then the membrane Relatively inflexible Protects and supports the cell Block wall

30. Cytoplasm Semi-fluid material inside a cell Nutrient rich

31. Major cell organelles Cilia and Flagella Hair-like organelles that extend beyond the surface of the cell Assist in movement

32. Vacuole Sack of fluid surrounded by a membrane Stores food, enzymes or waste. Animals cells typically have many small ones Plant cells typically have one large one Storage closet

33. Plant cell vs. Animal cell Plant Cells have: Cell Wall One Large vacuole Plastids (stores food or pigment which give color to plant) Chloroplast Solar panel

34. Closing QuizCells 1. Which organelle propels a cell through an environment? Hint there are two possible answers.(1 pt) 2. Which organelle is the final processing center for a protein? (1pt) 3. Which three organelles are present in plant cells but not animal cells? (3 pts) 4. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? (1 pt)