1. Cell Structure & Organelle Function

2. What is the Cell Theory?
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in the human body.
It can be specialized to do many things.
Main job is to make proteins.

3. Cell Structure
Consists of a mass of cytoplasm (jell like insides), within a cell membrane.
Inside the cytoplasm are the organelles.

4. Cell Structure Nucleus: (The brain, control center)
Surrounded by a double layer membrane.
Contains the DNA, called Chromatin.
Controls cell activities.

5. Cell nucleus
Nuclear membrane
nucleolus
chromatin

6. Cell Structure Nucleolus: (Ribosome factory) Found inside the nucleus.
Makes ribosomes.

7. Cell Structure Ribosomes: ribosome ER
Protein factory. Makes proteins by taking amino acids and connecting them into chains.
ribosome ER

8. Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum: (assembly line)
A network of passageways made from membranes that transports proteins around the cell.
Rough ER has ribosomes.
Smooth ER has NO ribosomes

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

10. Cell Structure Golgi Complex : (UPS of the cell)
A series of saclike membranes where proteins are packaged, stored, and shipped off to their destinations.

12. Cell Structure Mitochondria : (power plant of the cell)
Organelle covered by a double membrane, where cellular respiration takes place. Burn sugar (glucose) to make energy (ATP)

14. Cell Structure
Chloroplasts (solar panels) : (plant cells only: Solar Power)
Double membrane sacs that contain Chlorophyll.
It can take light energy and convert it into sugar (glucose) by Photosynthesis.

16. Cell Structure Lysosomes (recycle bin): Peroxisomes (Germ-X):
Vesicles(Sacs) filled with digestive enzymes and acid. They break down and recycle old organelles in the cell.
Peroxisomes (Germ-X):
Vesicles (Sacs) filled with enzymes that break down toxins in the cell.

17. Cell Structure Cytoskeleton : (skeleton of the cell)
A net-like framework that gives the cell its shape.
Composed of threadlike proteins called microfilaments, microtubules.

19. Cell Structure Vacuoles:
Stores water and dissolved mineral cells. In plants there is one large central vacuole.

20. Cell Structure Cell Wall:
Found only in PLANTS. (found also in prokaryotes/bacteria)
Rigid layer of cellulose outside the membrane that supports plant cells.
cell membrane cell wall

21. Cell Structure Cell Membrane: (fence around the cell)
Semipermeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell