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Cell Organelles and Functions
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Nucleus Structure Function: The Information Center of the Cell
Contains Chromatin (DNA) Nucleolus Surrounded by Nuclear Envelope (w/ pores) Function: The Information Center of the Cell
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The Nucleus
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Chromatin Structure: Function: A thread-like mass of DNA and Protein
Chromatin becomes Chromosome during cell reproduction Function: contains information for building proteins (enzymes, channels, cell structural components)
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Chromatin
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Nucleolus Structure: Spherical mass of DNA and RNA
Functions: Making ribosomes
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Nuclear Envelope Structure: Lipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus
Function: Controls what goes in and out of nucleus; protects DNA
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Nuclear Pores Structure: Protein channels found in the nuclear envelope Function: Allows information to go to the cytoplasm
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Ribosomes Structure: Tiny proteins/RNA
Function: assemble amino acids into protein strands
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure: Membrane network Function: transport substances throughout the cell. Rough Ribosomes attached Transports proteins Smooth No ribosomes attached Transports fats, etc
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Rough
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Golgi Body Structure: Flattened disks of membrane
Function: involved with packaging cell products for export. Can create vesicles
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Vesicles (Vacuoles) Structure: Membrane bound spheres created by Golgi, ER or Cell Membrane Function: Store water/wastes/food; some are involved in delivering things in and out of the cell
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Lysosome Structure: a special type of vesicle
Function: attaches to other organelles and injects them with digestive enzymes.
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Plasma “Cell” Membrane
Structure: Made of phospholipids which are special fats that have a charge Also has proteins that act as channels and binders Function: Separates cell contents from the outside Directs movement of things in and out.
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Plasma Membrane
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Cytoskeleton (Microtubules)
Structure: Thin rods and tubes of protein Function: Serve for internal support and transport
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Cytoplasm Structure: An aqueous mixture (called cytosol) that contains everything between the nucleus and membrane Function: Most things happen there
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Centrosome Structure: in animal cells, a paired bundle of protein filaments called CENTRIOLES. Plants don’t have anything at the centrosome. Function: directs the growth of cytoskeleton, especially during cell reproduction. centriole
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Mitochondria Structure:
Bean shaped organelle (has a double membrane – all the way) Function: Site of cellular respiration (process of getting energy from food) C6H 12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)
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Mitochondria
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Plant Cell Parts Cell Wall Chloroplast Central Vacuole
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Cell Wall Structure: Protective outer layer made of cellulose primarily Function: provides structural support for plants.
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Chloroplast Membrane bound organelle which contains the green pigment Chlorophyll, which can convert sunlight into chemical energy. Site of Photosynthesis in plants
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Central Vacuole Structure:
Large vesicle that takes up much of the area of the plant cell. Function: Digestion occurs here and waste excretion Provides “turgor pressure” for the cell, allowing it to stay stiff, not wilted.
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The Animal Cell
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