1. Eukaryotic Cells Animal and Plant

4. Cell/Plasma Membrane  Thin covering that surrounds the cell  Controls movement of materials in and out of cell

5. Cell Wall  Additional, inflexible, external boundary that provides protection and support  Plants = cellulose  Fungi = chitin  Animal cells DO NOT have cell walls!

6. Nucleus  Manages cell function with DNA = Master instructions for building proteins  Surrounded by nuclear envelope – double membrane to protect DNA  Contains nucleolus (black)

7. Nucleoli (black)  Produces particles (ribosomes) involved in protein synthesis

8. Ribosomes  Assemble enzymes and other proteins  No membrane

9. Cytosol  Semi-fluid material that surrounds organelles  Cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)  Folded systems of membranes that transports  Rough ER = with ribosomes  Smooth ER = without ribosomes  Package proteins into vesicles for transport

11. Golgi Apparatus  Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs that receive and modify newly synthesized proteins & lipids from ER vesicles  Repackages into new vesicles and distributes to organlles, storage or outside the cell

12. Vesicles  Lysosomes  Membrane-bound bags that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

13. Vesicles - continued  Other types of vesicles  Vacuoles – Sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane  Space for temporary storage of materials  Contractile vacuole – contract & dispose of excess water in cell  Endosomes – pockets formed from cell membrane

14. Mitochondria  Location of cellular respiration/breakdown of organic molecules to transfer energy to ATP  Found in every eukaryotic cell/more numerous in cells that are more active.  Powerhouse of the Cell!

15. Central Vacuole  Stores water, nutrients, waste products & other materials in plants  Enough water = maintains plant’s rigid structure

16. Chloroplasts  Found in cells of green plants & some protists  Transform light energy from the sun into usable chemical energy (sugar/starch) through photosynthesis  Contain chlorophyll = Green pigment that traps energy from the sunlight

17. Cytoskeleton  Support structure within the cytoplasm  Made of Microtubules (thin, hollow protein cylinders) and Microfilaments (thin, solid protein fibers)

18. Centrioles  Special Microtubules  Involved in cell division of animal cells

19. Flagella  Structure adapted for locomotion  Long projections out of plasma membrane  Whip-like motion

20. Cilia  Structure adapted for locomotion  Short, numerous, hair-like organelles  Packed in tight rows with beating activity coordinated