© copyright Janson Industries 2014

© copyright Janson Industries 2014
GUI Java Explain difference between: Applications/Applets/Servlets AWT/Swing/SWT Inheritance Basic AWT visual components UML (Unified Modeling Language) Non-graded assg part 1 part2 Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Apps/Applets/Servlets
Apps are stored & executed on the client PC Applets are “called” by a web page. The applet’s Java code Stored on the server Downloaded to the client PC Run by the client browser Servlets are stored and run on the server Servlets generate HTML that is sent to the client’s browser Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Stored on client Run on client Stored on server Run on server Apps X Applets Servlets Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Stored on Run on Apps client Applets server Servlets Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Client Apps Client based apps Adv: Fast: execute on client, no communication lag No catastrophic failure Client based apps DisAdv: Must install app on each client computer Multiple copies of app: Take up more space Updating app more difficult/time consuming Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Server Apps Server based apps Adv: Accessible from any computer with a browser One copy of app Takes up little space Updates to app are fast Server based apps DisAdv: Catastrophic failure – server goes out, no processing can occur Communication time lag – especially with applets Must download entire application before executing Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Java GUI Components Many sets of GUI components: AWT (Advanced Windowing Toolkit) Swing SWT (Simple Widget Toolkit) AWT implements each H/W platform’s version of the GUI components Swing is consistent across all H/W (but takes longer to “paint” the GUI) Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

GUI Java As much as possible, SWT implements each H/W’s platforms version of the GUI components Provides the added Swing components and functions Works differently than AWT and Swing Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

GUI Java AWT and Swing have similar sets of GUI components stored in packages (that are part of the JDK): Frame - JFrame Button - JButton TextField - JTextField Label - JLabel To use the GUI components, must “import” the AWT or Swing classes into your class Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

GUI Java FRAME JFRAME Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Using GUI Components AWT GUI classes in java.awt package You can use them by fully specifying their location java.awt.Label empName = new java.awt.Label(); Or, use the import statement to identify the java.awt package import tells complier to look in that location for any non-fully specified classes Sorta like the path and classpath but for the compiler not JVM or Windows Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

This make GUIEx a subclass of Frame
GUI Components Using import allows easier access to the GUI components because you don’t have to fully specify the location of the GUI component // GUIEx.java import java.awt.*; public class GUIEx extends Frame { : : : We define this class as a Frame with the extends “clause” in the class header This make GUIEx a subclass of Frame Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Subclass/Superclass Subclasses inherit all methods and variables of the superclass (also called Specialization) You can create superclasses to hold common information and functions For instance: A Person superclass with name, address, and phone number variables Subclasses Employee, Customer, and Supplier would all get these variables Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Subclass/Superclass Person String name, addr, phnum; Employee extends Person String EmpNum; name = "Joe"; addr="1 1st St"; phnum=" "; Customer extends Person String CustNum; name = "Mary"; addr="2 2nd St"; phnum=" "; Supplier extends Person String SuppNum; name = "Pat"; addr="3 3rd St"; phnum=" "; Subclasses inherit all methods and variables of the superclass (aka Specialization) Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Create a new class (Cust2) – File, New, Class
Click Browse... Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Start typing “Frame”, select Frame, (and make sure its from the java.awt package), click OK then Finish Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

RAD creates a bare minimum class
Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Labels Display constant text on a frame Must define a label object and, optionally, set it’s text property Label custNameLabel = new Label(“Joe Customer"); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Click light bulb icon to get possible solutions
But you get an error Click light bulb icon to get possible solutions Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

RAD will list solutions with most likely at top
Click a solution to show the solution code Double click solution to insert code Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

What happens if you click the Run button and why?

When running, RAD first suggests saving changes
It’s usually a good idea: click OK Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Gotcha: if you click the Run button, RAD will run Cust1
(the last application that was run) Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Can display the Run drop down menu
Notice Cust1 is the first listed Run Configuration This means it is the default application to be run Can click Run Configurations... Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

What’s going to happen and why?
Specify Cust2 Click Run What’s going to happen and why? Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Oops, forgot to create a main method that instantiates (creates) a Cust2 object Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Getting Cust2 to work Since Cust2 will be instantiated you need A constructor for the class (i.e. must have method called Cust2) In addition, to get the frame and labels to work you must set their properties: Define sizes for the frame and labels Position the labels on the frame Make the frame visible Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Frames In the constructor, specify: this.setSize(600, 400); this.setLayout(null); (this refers to “this object”, i.e. the Cust2 frame) Layout null tells the system not to use the predefined BorderLayout You will position the components individually Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Labels In constructor, set label size & location: labelVariableName.setSize(length, height) labelVariableName.setLocation(from left, from top) Numbers are in pixels Example (after the label object is created and after this.setLayout(null);) add: custNameLabel.setSize(100,10); custNameLabel.setLocation(155,135); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Labels In the constructor, after the label properties are set, add the label to the frame object (referred to as this) this.add(custNameLabel); At the end of the constructor, make the frame visible this.setVisible(true); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

main method In the main method, must create a Cust2 object We will assign it to a variable called custTest Cust2 custTest = new Cust2(); (Actually, don't need to create variable and assign object because we will not reference the Cust2 object) Time to run! Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Display Run menu – notice Cust2 is default launch
Click Cust2 to run Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Results in Cust2 object being created (instantiated)

Steps to Create and Display a Working Frame
1. Create a class as a subclass of Frame 2. Set the following Frame properties: Layout to null Size Location (optional) Visible to true 3. To view the frame, create an instance of the Frame subclass Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

How to Create a Working Label
1. Import the Label class 2. Create a Label object 3. Set the following label properties: Size Location Text (optional) 4. Add the label to the frame Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust2 (or any Frame subclass) does not inherit a close function from Frame To close the frame, click the Terminate button in the Console pane tool bar Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Non Graded Assg – Part 1 Create Cust2 so it displays the same info as Customer but in a frame with 3 labels import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Label; public class Cust2 extends Frame { Label custNameLabel = new Label("Joe Customer"); Label custAddressLabel = new Label("123 Main St."); Label custCSZLabel = new Label("Jax, FL "); public Cust2(){ this.setSize(600, 400); this.setLayout(null); custNameLabel.setSize(100,10); custNameLabel.setLocation(155,135); this.add(custNameLabel); custAddressLabel.setSize(100,10); custAddressLabel.setLocation(155,155); this.add(custAddressLabel); custCSZLabel.setSize(100,10); custCSZLabel.setLocation(155,175); this.add(custCSZLabel); this.setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] args){ Cust2 custTest = new Cust2(); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Instead of displaying static info, we can pass the frame info to display Like Cust1 did Chapter 2 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Passing Info Need to change the frame's constructor to: Accept info Set the label value to the passed info Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Passing Info Constructor must accept info
Constructor must set label value Info must be passed Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Passing Info If 2 pieces of info need to be passed,
public Cust3(String name, String address){… Problem: if 7 pieces of info need to be passed, How easy is it to remember what’s the order? When is phone # passed: First? Second? Sixth? Solution: object properties Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Properties Already worked with properties Label text and location, Frame size and layout In a class, each property is: Defined as a private class variable Has a getter method that returns the property value Has a setter method (usually with validation functions) that sets the value of the property Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Properties Usually you will create an object Then manipulate the object properties We created a label, then set its size, location, text For instance: We’ll redefine the Customer class to have properties that hold the following info: Contact Person, Customer Name, Phone Number, Ship to Address Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Creating Properties Define private variables for each property Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Let RAD create the getters and setters
Click Source then Generate Getters and Setters... Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Properties Select getters and setters or click Select All Can specify Where methods should be in the class How they are grouped Click OK button Generates 14 methods Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Can't fit all getters/setters in work area
Can see them all in the outline Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Using Properties Just as you set Frame and Label object properties, a Customer object’s properties can now be set Then pass the Customer variable (assigned to the Customer object) instead of individual variables/values We will modify the customer application so that a Customer variable is passed to a Customer Frame Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Using Properties A new class CustApp will be used to "kick off the application" This means CustApp will: Create a Customer object and assign it to a Customer variable Set the Customer object's properties Create a Customer Frame object and pass it the Customer variable (instead of individual variables/values) Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

New Customer Example 1 CustApp creates a Customer object, assigns to variable c, sets object’s properties Customer Object 3 CustFrame retrieves & displays Customer object properties 2 CustApp creates a CustFrame object, assigns to variable cf, and sends Customer variable c CustFrame Object CustApp Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

New Customer Example Customer Object 1 3 Data Data 2 CustApp creates a CustFrame object, assigns to variable cf, and sends Customer variable c CustFrame Object CustApp Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Using Properties Create a new Frame subclass CustFrame CustFrame constructor accepts a variable of type Customer and assigns it to a variable named cust CustFrame has four labels custName shipToLbl1 shipToLbl2 contactInfo CustFrame retrieves info from the Customer object and puts the info into the labels Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Select project (JavaCourse) then File, New, Class
Specify name of Class and superclass Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust Frame Need to define a constructor to accept a Customer variable
Initial code import java.awt.Frame; public class CustFrame extends Frame { } Need to define a constructor to accept a Customer variable Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Programming Technique
We will code portions of the class, then test each portion as it is created Incremental coding makes finding errors easier If a new method is added and RAD shows an error, it has something to do with the new code If all the methods coded at once results in 42 errors, harder to determine what the errors are Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust Frame import java.awt.Frame; public class CustFrame extends Frame { public CustFrame(Customer cust) { } Even though CustApp passes a variable called c, CustFrame stores it in a variable named cust Don’t forget, for frame to work need to: Size the frame : this.setSize(300, 282); Set layout to null: this.setLayout(null); Set visible: this.setVisible(true); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust Frame Labels Import the Label class: import java.awt.Label; Create 4 label objects and assign to variables Size and position the labels Label custNameLbl = new Label(); Label shipToLbl1 = new Label(); Label shipToLbl2 = new Label(); Label contactInfo = new Label(); custNameLbl.setBounds(62, 65, 176, 23); shipToLbl1.setBounds(62, 120, 176, 23); shipToLbl2.setBounds(62, 175, 176, 23); contactInfo.setBounds(62, 230, 176, 23); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust Frame Labels Set some test text Add the labels to the frame Test it : what do we need? custNameLbl.setText("test text"); shipToLbl1.setText("test text"); shipToLbl2.setText("test text"); contactInfo.setText("test text"); this.add(custNameLbl); this.add(shipToLbl1); this.add(shipToLbl2); this.add(contactInfo); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

CustFrame Labels Code a main method in CustFrame to create a CustFrame object (to test so far) public static void main(String[] args) { Customer c = new Customer(); CustFrame cf = new CustFrame(c); } In class assg: Try it! Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust Frame Labels Need code to retrieve data from Customer object and put into labels Use Customer object getter to retrieve a property value Could do like this String tempName = cust.getCustName(); custNameLbl.setText(tempName); String tempStreet = cust.getShipToStreet(); shipToLbl1.setText(tempStreet); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Cust Frame Labels More efficient to do like this Two less statements no temp variables These labels are easy: one getter retrieves one label’s text Need to use concatenation for other label’s text I.e. multiple getter return values go into these labels custNameLbl.setText(cust.getCustName()); shipToLbl1.setText(cust.getShipToStreet()); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Concatenation Combines 2 strings into one String a = new String(“Sam”); String b = new String(“I am”); a + b would be equal to “SamI am” Use concatenation (+) to combine multiple property values into one label shipToLbl2.setText(cust.getShipToCity() + ", " + cust.getShipToState() + " " + cust.getShipToZip()); contactInfo.setText(cust.getContactPerson() + " Ph: " + cust.getContactPhone()); Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Customer So we’ve: Added properties to Customer Created CustFrame to display the properties Need to create a CustApp that Creates a Customer object, a Customer variable named c, and assigns the object to c Sets values for the Customer properties Creates a CustFrame object and passes the Customer variable c, creates a CustFrame variable named cf, assigns the CustFrame object to cf Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

CustApp Create a class called CustApp In CustApp Create a main method In main, write code to: Create a Customer object, assign to variable c Use setters to assign the following values in the Customer object associated with variable c: Kindness Foods, 1 Milkof St., Human, ME Joe Samaritan, Create a CustFrame object and pass c, assign the CustFrame object to a variable named cf Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Have RAD generate the main method

Non-graded assg: Finish creating the Customer Application
public class CustApp { public static void main(String[] args) { Customer c = new Customer(); c.setContactPerson("Joe Samaritan"); c.setContactPhone(" "); c.setCustName("Kindness Foods"); c.setShipToStreet("1 Milkof St."); c.setShipToCity("Human"); c.setShipToState("ME"); c.setShipToZip("03234"); CustFrame cf = new CustFrame(c); } When run should look like import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Label; public class CustFrame extends Frame { Label custNameLbl = new Label(); Label shipToLbl1 = new Label(); Label shipToLbl2 = new Label(); Label contactInfo = new Label(); public CustFrame(Customer cust) { this.setSize(300, 282); this.setLayout(null); this.setVisible(true); custNameLbl.setBounds(62, 65, 176, 23); shipToLbl1.setBounds(62, 120, 176, 23); shipToLbl2.setBounds(62, 175, 176, 23); contactInfo.setBounds(62, 230, 176, 23); custNameLbl.setText(cust.getCustName()); shipToLbl1.setText(cust.getShipToStreet()); shipToLbl2.setText(cust.getShipToCity() + ", " + cust.getShipToState() + " " + cust.getShipToZip()); contactInfo.setText(cust.getContactPerson() + " Ph: " + cust.getContactPhone()); this.add(custNameLbl); this.add(shipToLbl1); this.add(shipToLbl2); this.add(contactInfo); } public static void main(String[] args) { Customer c = new Customer(); CustFrame cf = new CustFrame(c); Non-graded assg: Finish creating the Customer Application Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Class Diagram Example For each class a box is created The box consists of three areas: Identification (name) Attributes (variables) Operations (methods) Attributes and Operations are further identified as public or private (+,-) Customer - name:String - address:String + setName:void + setAddress:void Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Class Diagram Example Attribute entries also specify the attribute’s type (the type is preceded by a colon & follows the attribute name) Customer -name:String -address:String +setName:void +setAddress:void Operation entries also specify a return value (the return value is preceded by a colon & follows the operation name) Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Class Diagram Example Attribute entries can also specify an initial value: Attribute:Type=initial_value name:String=“Joe Programmer” Operation entries can also specify the expected parameter(s) type(s): Operation(parm_list):returned_value getCustomerPO(int):String Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Initially shows class diagram for that class
As you add, will show composition relationship Right click Customer and CustFrame Choose Visualize Add to current diagram Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

Initially only shows composition (use relationship)

Close up vm.jar and expand rt.jar and java.awt

Right click background and choose Arrange All

Still need to drag boxes into better arrangement and resize the boxes

You can modify which relationships are shown

New diagram file in the project

Other Resources JavaRanch: Forums, faqs, tutorials has stories/tutorials concerning various java topics Here is a link to some online java videos: sort=da&view=u I looked at several of them and they seemed pretty good Chapter 3 © copyright Janson Industries 2014

© copyright Janson Industries 2014

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